স্কটল্যান্ডের গণিতবিদ জন নেপিয়ার ১৬১৪ সালে লগারিদম (Logarithm) এর উদ্ভাবন করেন। এই আবিস্কার গুণ, ভাগ, বর্গ, বর্গমূল, ঘনমূল নিরূপনের কাজ অনেক সহজ করে দেয়। লগারিদমভিত্তিক হিসাবকার্যের জন্য নেপিয়ার যে সংখ্যাচিহ্নিত দন্ডগুলো ব্যবহার করেছিলেন সেগুলো নেপিয়ারের অস্থি বা দন্ড (Napier's bones or rods) নামে পরিচিত।
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