9.1.1 Discuss in pairs and make a list of what you think is important to do as a student.

জোড়ায় আলোচনা করে একজন ছাত্র হিসাবে কী করা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বলে তুমি মনে করো তার একটি তালিকা তৈরি করো।

9.1.2 Now, look at the board and compare your list with your teacher and then answer the following questions after discussing in groups. Share the answers with the whole class.

বোর্ডটির দিকে তাকাও। তোমার তৈরি তালিকাটি তোমার শিক্ষকের সাথে তুলনা করো। তারপর দলে আলোচনার পরে নিচের প্রশ্নগুলোর উত্তর দাও। পুরো শ্রেণিতে তোমার উত্তরগুলো শেয়ার করো। 

a. Why do you think those qualities are important for a student?

b. How can you ensure and enhance those qualities?

9.2.1 Read the following short text on 'Water Clogging'. Then in pairs/ groups, find out why it occurs and how we can solve the problem. Later, share your responses with the class.

'জলাবদ্ধতা' বিষয়ক সংক্ষিপ্ত text-টি পড়ো। জোড়ায় বা দলে জলবদ্ধতা কেন ঘটে এবং কিভাবে আমরা এটার সমাধান করতে পারি তা খুঁজে বের করো। পরে শ্রেণিতে তোমার উত্তর শেয়ার করো।

Water clogging is a common incident in various settings, including urban areas. Urban people face problems because of water clogging as streets, parking lots, and basements overflowed with water. People experience difficulty in moving from one place to another. Sometimes buildings are damaged and also cause traffic jams. In rural areas, it has an impact on cultivation and can delay harvesting, which may affect farmers' livelihoods.

You can use the following diagram to list the causes of Water Clogging. One is done for you.

9.2.2 Now, in groups, reflect on Activity 9.2.1 and identify the things (for example, explore why water clogs and how to solve this problem, explain them with examples etc.) for answering why water clogging occurs and how you can solve this problem. Then, check your understanding with nearby groups.

দলে Activity 9.2.1 অনুসরণ করো এবং কেন জলবদ্ধতা ঘটে, কিভাবে তুমি এই সমস্যার সমাধান করতে পারো তার উত্তরে কী কী বিষয় উল্লেখ করা যায় (যেমন, জলবদ্ধতার কারণ অনুসন্ধান করো এবং কিভাবে সমাধান করা যায় তা ব্যাখ্যা করো) তা চিহ্নিত করো। কাছের দলের সাথে তোমার উত্তরগুলো যাচাই করো।

9.3.1 Read the text individually and then read the note below it in groups or pairs to discuss about the elements to write an explanatory text.

এককভাবে text-টি পড়ো। তারপর নিচের note-টি দলে বা জোড়ায় পড়ো এবং ব্যাখ্যামূলক text লেখার জন্য কী কী বিষয়বস্তু প্রয়োজন হয় তা আলোচনা করো।

What does it mean to be a responsible student?

Doing good in examinations does not necessarily make you a responsible student. Contrary to this, responsible student takes ownership of their own study, demonstrates accountability, and actively contributes to the learning environment. It involves acknowledging the importance of your academic journey and making conscious efforts to excel academically and at personal growth. A responsible student prioritizes attending classes regularly and being punctual. A responsible student shows openness towards constructive feedback and has the mindset to take up academic challenges. His/ her respect for teachers, peers, and school staff contributes a positive learning environment and healthy relationships. A responsible student sets realistic goals, manages time effectively, and seeks help and support when needed. S/he embraces diversity, respecting different perspectives and fostering inclusivity. A responsible student, furthermore, focuses on his/ her well-being, understanding the significance of physical rest, nutrition, exercise, and stress management in academic performance and personal growth. By embodying these qualities, a responsible student creates a conducive learning environment, maximizes potential, and contributes positively to his/her academic and personal development. While the above discussion shows to be 'responsible' a student needs to have many qualities, the following sections focus on how a student can achieve these qualities.

Firstly, awareness of time management is crucial at this stage of life. Develop time management skills by creating a schedule or a 'to-do' list to prioritize tasks. This will also help to allocate appropriate time for studying, completing homework, assignments, and engaging in extracurricular activities. Avoid delaying, and be proactive in planning to meet deadlines and avoid last-minute stress. By managing your time effectively, you demonstrate responsibility and ensure you make the most of your academic opportunities.

Secondly, taking responsibility for own learning by actively participating in classroom activities is essential for a responsible student, and it is helpful to be a responsible student. A student requires actively engage in the task and activities, ask questions, and share ideas with the class. This practice will enhance your understanding of the subject matter and demonstrate your commitment to your education. Participating actively in the learning process allows you to develop critical thinking and creative skills, a collaborative attitude with classmates, and subsequently helps to gain valuable insights from different perspectives.

Finally, responsibility at this stage of life also involves seeking help and support when needed. It is essential to understand that asking for assistance is a sign of strength and maturity, and nothing is wrong with it. Whether it is about seeking clarification from teachers, forming study groups with classmates, or accessing additional resources, taking the initiative to seek help ensures that you overcome challenges and maximize your learning potential. By unhesitatingly seeking support, you demonstrate responsibility for your academic success and call for a willingness to take charge of your education.

In conclusion, the key responsibility at this stage of your academic and daily life involves effective time management, active participation in the learning process, and seeking help and support when needed. By managing your time, actively engaging with the classroom teaching-learning, and seeking assistance, you demonstrate maturity, accountability, and a commitment to your study. These qualities contribute to your academic success and lay the foundation for personal and professional growth. Embracing responsibility in these ways will empower you and your classmates for the educational journey and the future stages of your lives.

9.3.2 Read the text and discuss in groups/pairs to find out the elements and writing techniques of an Explanatory Text. Then fill up the following grid. The first one is done for you.

Text-টি পড়ো এবং ব্যাখ্যামূলক text লেখার জন্য কী কী উপাদান ও কৌশলের প্রয়োজন হয় তা দলে বা জোড়ায় খুঁজে বের করো। তারপর নিচের সারণিটি পূরণ করো। প্রথম উদাহরণটি তোমার জন্য করে দেওয়া হলো।

Why is water recycled?

The water cycle is a continuous process through which water circulates through the earth. It involves several stages that help to maintain the balance of water distribution. Water is constantly recycled to sustain life and support various ecosystems.

Firstly, the sun's heat causes water from oceans, lakes and rivers to evaporate, turning it into water vapour. Secondly, as water vapour rises into the atmosphere, it cools down and condenses into little droplets, forming clouds. When the water droplets in clouds become too heavy, finally, they fall to the ground in the form of rain and snow. After that, the rainwater that is not absorbed in the ground and by plants flows over the land as runoff. It flows to rivers, and streams and eventually makes its way back to the oceans.

The water cycle plays a vital role in regulating temperature and weather patterns on Earth and the overall balance of the Earth's ecosystems.

9.3.3 Read the following dialogue and act it out in pairs. Then, write a short text on 'Why is Al discussed nowadays?" following the elements of an explanatory text. Later, submit a copy of your text to the teacher after peer checking.

নিচের কথোপকথনটি পড়ো এবং জোড়ায় অভিনয় করে দেখাও। ব্যাখ্যামূলক টেক্সট লেখার উপদানগুলো অনুসরণ করে 'কেন বর্তমানে AI আলোচিত বিষয়' তা নিয়ে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত টেক্সট লেখো। সতীর্থ মূল্যায়ন-এর পরে text-এর এক কপি শিক্ষকের কাছে জমা দাও।

Abira: I've been hearing a lot about Al lately. What exactly is it? 

Arisa: Al stands for Artificial Intelligence. It's a field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks that require human intelligence. 

Abira: So, does that mean Al can think like humans? 

Arisa : Al doesn't think the way, humans do, but it can simulate some aspects of human intelligence. 

Abira: How does Al work, then? 

Arisa : It relies on two approaches: machine learning and deep learning. Machine learning enables computers to learn from data, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning that involves artificial neural networks inspired by the human brain.

Abira: That sounds complex. Can you give me an example of how Al is used in real life? 

Arisa : Sure! For instance, in image recognition and natural language processing, where it understands and interprets human language. 

Abira: That's impressive! But can Al go beyond recognising images and understanding language? 

Arisa : Absolutely! Al is used in many fields, including healthcare, finance and transportation. Al can help diagnose diseases, assist in surgery, analyse vast amounts of data to detect patterns and enable self-driving cars. 

Abira: It seems like Al has good potential, but are there risks associated with it? 

Arisa: Definitely! Al raises ethical and societal concerns, and there are discussions around privacy and security. But Al has the potential to revolutionise industries and improve efficiency it will continue to shape the future. 

Abira: Thanks a lot, Arisa!

9.4.1 Read the following text and turn it into an explanatory text by adding the missing elements of an explanatory text.

নিচের text-টি পড়ো এবং একটি ব্যাখ্যামূলক text-এর বাদ পড়া উপাদানগুলো (missing elements) যুক্ত করে উক্ত text-টি কে একটি ব্যাখ্যামূলক টেক্সটে পরিণত করো।

Write the title of the text here                                                                                                                                                                              .

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns and global temperatures. It is primarily caused by human activities and natural processes. It has significant impacts on the environment, ecosystems and human well-being.

The primary driver of climate change is the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.

Now, add 2 or 3 reasons why climate is changing. Also, include examples, illustrations or case studies to help the reader visualise and understand the text.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     .

In conclusion, we should find out the solution. Renewable energy infrastructure can mitigate climate change. Protecting the forest and adopting responsible land-use policies can help preserve ecosystems, and we can save our Earth.

9.4.2 Read the complete text in Activity 9.4.1 and paraphrase it following the rules of paraphrasing a text. Later, share it with the class.

Activity 9.4.1 এর সম্পূর্ণ text-টি পড়ো এবং paraphrasing-এর নিয়ম অনুসরণ করে অনুচ্ছেদটির paraphrase করো। পরে শ্রেণিতে তা শেয়ার করো।

9.4.3 Now, let's be an attentive listener/observer and explain how to complete a work. To do the activity follow the given steps.

চলো মনোযোগী শ্রোতা/পর্যবেক্ষক হই এবং একটি কাজকে কিভাবে করতে হয় তা ব্যাখ্যা করি। কাজটি করার জন্য নিচের ধাপগুলো অনুসরণ করি।

•  First, listen to an audio or observe a video as many times as you need.
• Now, note down the steps to plant a tree.
• Then, write an explanatory text explaining how to plant a tree. Don't forget to use the elements of an explanatory text.
• Or, use a given flow chart of the procedure to plant a tree. Then, explain how to plant a tree.
• Later, write an Explanatory Text following the technique of writing an explanatory text.
• Finally, submit a copy of your text to your teacher.

New Words : prioritize, constructive, perspective, embody, crucial, proactive, clarification, runoff, ecosystem, revolutionize.