3.1.1 Look at the advertisements for the package tours given below. In groups, make a choice of a package tour that you are going to take if you are asked to. Then, ask and answer the following questions.
নিচে দেওয়া প্যাকেজ ট্যুরের বিজ্ঞাপনগুলো দেখো। যদি তোমাকে যেতে বলা হয়, দলে আলোচনা করে তুমি যাচ্ছো এমন একটি প্যাকেজ ট্যুর বেছে নাও। এরপর নিচের প্রশ্নগুলো আলোচনা করো।
Sajek Valley Tour Package
Travel cost-6000 Taka (per person)
Tour Highlights
Cox's Bazar Tour Package (03-Days/03-Nights)
Travel cost-6500 Taka (per person)
Tour Highlights
Questions
a) Do you like to travel?
b) What tourist places do you like to visit?
c) What are the reasons for choosing those places?
d) How do you decide where to go? Are you inspired by other people's travel stories, photos or advertising, or what else?
e) How have you made your choices from the above two tourist attractions?
3.2.1. Now, in the same groups reflect on the steps that you have followed to make your choice. Later, write a short text describing all the steps you have used in your choice-making process. Finally, share your text with the class.
এখন, তোমার পছন্দ নির্ধারণের জন্য তুমি যে ধাপগুলি অনুসরণ করেছো, একই দলে সেই ধাপগুলো পর্যালোচনা করো। তোমার পছন্দ নির্ধারণ প্রক্রিয়ায় যে ধাপগুলি অনুসরণ করেছো তা বর্ণনা করে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত text লেখো। সবশেষে তোমার লেখা শ্রেণিতে শেয়ার করো।
The following steps are to help your writing.
Read the advertisements carefully to make the right choice
|
Discuss in groups the interesting and the uninteresting parts of the tour packages.
|
Make your own choices and share your opinions with the group.
|
In making our choice, we mostly consider our thoughts, not feelings.
|
We convince the opposing opinions with logic and evidence.
|
While addressing the counterarguments, we acknowledge the opposing view and explain why it will not be the best option for us.
|
Finally, after a long argument, we came to a consensus and chose the best option for us.
|
3.3.1 In everyday life, often, you make arguments and use examples, quotes, or evidence to say that someone or something is the best among the alternatives. Sometimes, you also write texts where you explain which is the best option using evidence. This type of text is known as an Argumentative Essay. Now, read the following note to learn about the steps to write an Argumentative Essay.
তোমার প্রাত্যহিক জীবনে, প্রায়ই তুমি কোনো ব্যক্তি বা কোনো কিছুকে বিকল্পগুলোর মধ্যে শ্রেষ্ঠ বলার জন্য বিতর্ক করো, উদাহরণ দাও, উদ্ধৃতি বা প্রমাণ উল্লেখ করো। মাঝে মাঝে, তুমি প্রমান উল্লেখ করে সেরা বিকল্পটির ব্যাখ্যাসহ অনুচ্ছেদও লেখো। এই ধরনের লেখাগুলিই যুক্তিমূলক প্রবন্ধ হিসেবে পরিচিত। এখন, যুক্তিমূলক প্রবন্ধ লেখার ধাপগুলি জানতে নিচের নোটটি পড়ো।
Note
What is an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay is a genre of writing in which you will argue for a reason or case. It requires you to investigate a topic or an issue from different angles to know about the strengths and weaknesses of that issue. And based on the strengths and weaknesses of the issue, you have to take a position on it. In an argumentative essay, you either argue in favour or against an issue. An argumentative essay aims to convince the readers to agree with your point of view.
An argumentative essay demands logical explanations of your position rather than your thoughts and feelings about it. Suppose you are trying to get your parents to buy a bicycle for you, and you can offer one of two arguments in your favour. You may tell your parents:
You should buy me a Bicycle because I just want you to!
You should buy me a Bicycle because cycling is good exercise, and it saves some time to get home from school.
The first argument is based entirely on feelings without any factual backup, whereas the second one seems logical. Your parents are more likely to respond positively to the second argument because it demonstrates that you have reason to have a bicycle. Similarly, a logically explained argumentative essay will show the readers that your point has a basis in facts, not just feelings and emotions.
Now, let's find out the steps to write an argumentative essay!
Step 1: Find an issue or a topic.
To write an argumentative essay, first of all, you need to look for a topic that you can better argue on.
Step 2: Choose your position.
To decide your position, brainstorm and think critically about the issue or topic. Whatever the position you decide to take of an issue, you have to come up with points that cover both sides (argument for and against) of the issue. To do that, note down some points with examples or analogies in favour of your position and similarly note down some points that usually goes against your position.
Step 3: Plan your essay
This is the most important step that you cannot skip it. If you putyour best effort at this stage, your writing will be much easier. Remember, if you start the essay well, the rest will follow.
Here, we are following a common method for writing an argumentative essay, the five- paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays.
So, let's plan an argumentative essay!
The topic of our argumentative essay Online learning can replace face-to-face learning.
1. The plan of writing the essay
The introduction
The body paragraph-1
The body paragraph-2 (statements to establish your position)
The body paragraph-3
The conclusion
2. Write the essay
3. Edit the essay
4. Write the final draft of the essay
So, let's start writing the essay!
The introduction:
Can you imagine a world without schools and classrooms?
The concept of traditional education has changed radically within the last couple of years. Some educational institutions tend to shift to online classes due to their flexibility and opportunities. It becomes a significant concern for all related to this sector, especially after the covid situation.
Template: Although/even though/in spite of/despite/while/whereas opposing point of view your argument because the reasons your argument is right.
The thesis statement for the topic may be
Though online learning creates opportunities for the students to enhance learning, it can't replace face-to-face learning because learning is a two-way process and we learn through interaction.
If we put together all three parts, our introduction will look like the following-
Can you imagine a world without schools and classrooms? The concept of traditional education has changed radically within the last couple of years. Some educational institutions tend to shift to online classes due to their flexibility and opportunities. It becomes a significant concern for all related to this sector, especially after the covid situation. Though online learning creates opportunities for students to enhance learning, it can't replace face-to-face learning because learning is a two-way process and we learn through interaction. Besides, many students get distracted when they do online classes.
The Body Paragraph:
You can use more body paragraphs but this essay it includes three paragraphs. These are-Body-1, Body-2, and Body-3. Remember that each paragraph should focus on either showcasing one piece of supporting evidence or disproving one contradictory opinion. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. Now, you have to move your three decided arguments to each of the body paragraphs. Then, add evidence and examples. You can use the following template to write all your body paragraphs.
Body Paragraph 1
Template: One of the primary reasons why is because .
We may write-One of the reasons why online learning can't replace face-to-face learning is that learning is a two-way process and people learn better through interaction.
Template: According to (name of the author/ speaker), “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” (page number).
We may write- According to my friend, "When I read at home I can't understand. 1 can't even understand all of it when the teacher gives a speech. In fact, I learn when we share our understanding with each other and complete the following activities."
Template: What this means is that/in other words/clearly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
We may write- Clearly, it shows that interaction is a must for effective learning.
So, we can say online classes may help us to learn but can't replace face-to-face learning.
Now, if we put together all the parts of the template, our first body paragraph will be
One of the reasons why online learning can't replace face-to-face learning is because learning is a two-way process and people learn better through interaction. According to my friend," When I read at home I can't understand. I can't even understand all of it when the teacher gives a speech. In fact, I learn when we share our understanding with each other and complete the following activities." Clearly, it shows that interaction is a must for learning. So, we can say online classes may help us to learn but can't replace face-to-face learning
Body paragraph 2
Now, it's your turn to write body paragraph 2 following the same template of body paragraph 1.
Start from here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
It's time to write body paragraph 31
Body paragraph 3
In this paragraph, you will acknowledge the opposing point of view and discuss the conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, you should note how opinions that do not align with your thesis might not be well-informed or how they might be out of date. So, let's start writing. You may use the following template to write the body paragraph 3.
Template: Some may argue that .
We may write-
Some may argue that with the advancement of technology, online classes will be the best option for learning as they are flexible and less expensive.
Template: Despite the fact that/In spite of the fact that/Although/Even though/Though + "opposing point of view," + "your argument"
We may write-
In spite of the fact that technology is gradually knocking at every door gradually, it can't ensure learning but rather distracts the students from learning.
Argue your point to prove that you are right and the opposing point of view is wrong. Integrate at least one quote or paraphrase to support your point of view.
Template: In fact/As can be seen in (studies, research, etc.), .
According to the name of the author, “. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ”(page number).
We can write-
In fact, from recent research of People's University, we can see, in online classes, students learn 40% less than in face-to-face classes.
We can write-
In other words, we can say online classes may give flexibility and save money but it will distract students attention. Because when students are in front of a computer, the attractions are just a click away. Very often, the students join the class and play games, watch movies etc. Again, learning depends on the relationship between teacher and student which can't be achieved on the same level over the computer. So, it's obvious that online classes can't replace face-to-face learning.
So, we may conclude by writing that
It's true that online classes are flexible and less expensive but all will be meaningless if it doesn't ensure student's learning.
So, if we put together all the parts of the paragraph, our third body paragraph will be
Some may argue that with the advancement of technology, online classes will be the best option for learning as they are flexible and less expensive. In spite of the fact that technology is gradually knocking at every door, it can't ensure learning but rather distracts the students from learning. In other words, we can say online classes may give flexibility and save money but it will distract students' attention. Because when students are in front of a computer, their attractions are just a click away. Very often, the students join the class and play games, watch movies etc. Again, learning depends on the relationship between teacher and student which can't be achieved on the same level over the computer. So, it's obvious that online classes can't replace face-to-face classes. It's true that online classes are flexible and less expensive but all will be meaningless if it doesn't ensure student learning
The conclusion
Now, we are just at the end of our essay writing. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesise the information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. So, let's write the conclusion of the essay
We may write-
We may conclude by saying that online classes may enhance learning but can't replace face-to-face learning because students mostly learn through interactions with the teacher and their peers and learning depends on the relationship between teacher and student. Besides, in online classes, there is a high chance for the students to be distracted. So, considering all these issues, we may say online classes can't replace face-to-face classes. If by any means laptops, computers, and smartphones will be the classrooms of the students, in future there is a possibility to have a future generation who are skilled with theories but be ignorant of applying those.
Note that transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay's argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.
3. Edit your writing
Read the essay once again from the start and change it to make it sound better and more professional. For example:
4. Write your final draft
This is the final edit so focus on the details! Read it once for punctuation, once for spelling and then once finally for clarity - because clarity is the most important.
3.3.2 Now, let's check our understanding!
Read the note on 'Argumentative Writing' again and tick the best one from the alternatives given below.
এখন আমরা কতটুকু বুঝেছি তা যাচাই করি। বিতর্কমূলক লেখা বিষয়ক নোটটি আবার পড়ো এবং নিচে দেওয়া বিকল্পগুলি থেকে সঠিক উত্তরে টিক চিহ্ন দাও।
a. What is the first part of an argumentative essay?
i) Greetings
ii) Conclusion
iii) Topic presentation
iv) Introduction
b. Which of these describes the topic of an argumentative essay?
i) Theoretical statement
ii) Thesis statement
iii) Expository statement
iv) Introductory statement
c. How many parts is the argumentative essay made up of?
i) 2
ii) 3
iii) 4
iv) 5
d. Which of these is required to be chosen before working on an argumentative essay?
i) Topic
ii) Type of essay
iii) Age of the readers.
iv) Number of the readers
e. Which of these supports the writer's claim?
i) Introduction
ii) Conclusion
iii) Reasoning
iv) Explanation
f. What is the main argument of an essay?
i) Introduction
ii) Explanation
iii) Claim
iv) Conclusion
g. What is the information that supports the writer's reasoning?
i) Conclusion
ii) Topic
iii) Claim
iv) Evidence
h. What is the purpose of a refute?
i) To introduce what the essay will be about
ii) To prove that the opposing opinion is wrong
iii) To summarise all the ideas
iv) To provide background information
i. Facts and data that support reasons in an argumentative essay are called .
i) reason
ii) position
iii) evidence
iv) counterargument
j. The purpose of the conclusion is to .
i) give new information
ii) restate the argument and the reasons
iii) restate the attention grabber and background
iv) give evidence and details
The sense of beauty is a fundamental aspect of human existence that transcends cultural, temporal, and individual boundaries. It is a complex and multifaceted aspect of the human experience. The sense is an innate and deeply ingrained ability to appreciate and recognize aesthetic qualities in various forms, such as art, nature, and even human creations. While beauty may be subjective to some extent, there are objective elements that universally evoke a sense of awe, pleasure, and inspiration in individuals. It encompasses the appreciation of both inner qualities and external aesthetics. Some argue that the focus of beauty should primarily be on the inner virtues of a human being, others contend that the external world holds immense beauty that deserves equal attention.
Beauty is not only something we see, it is rather something with a pretty soul, beautiful thoughts and beautiful literature. It can be found in everything like nature, figurative language, and in one's behaviour and attitude. Inner beauty emanates from the soul, which appears in personality and feeling. When you are beautiful from the inside, it will reflect on your face. The beautiful person is the one who leaves a smile on your face when you remember him. Patience, humbleness and wisdom are some qualities of a beautiful person inside. Beauty is not necessarily being felt and appreciated by other people, it emerges within oneself.
Inner beauty encompasses qualities like kindness, compassion, wisdom, and integrity.
These qualities have the power to transcend physical appearances and create a lasting impact on others. By recognizing and appreciating inner beauty, we cultivate a sense of empathy, understanding, and connection with fellow human beings. Inner beauty serves as a moral compass that guides our interactions and shapes our relationships, contributing to a more harmonious and compassionate society.
The sense of beauty enriches our lives by stimulating our emotions, sparking our imagination, and providing a source of inspiration. We find beauty in the composition of a symphony, the vibrant colours of a painting, or the delicate structure of a flower. They help awaken our senses and evoke a sense of joy, wonder, and tranquility. By exposing ourselves to beauty, we cultivate a richer and more meaningful existence.
The sense of beauty is a profound and universal human experience that enriches our lives, fosters emotional well-being, and promotes cultural understanding. Its impact extends beyond individual preferences and societal conventions, reaching into the depths of our humanity. By embracing beauty in its diverse forms, we create a more holistic understanding of the world, unlocking the potential for personal growth, emotional healing, and the formation of a more compassionate and interconnected world. Striking a balance between the inner and outer realms of beauty allows us to embrace the full spectrum of human experience. As we navigate the complexities of life, let us recognize and nurture the sense of beauty within us, for it is a powerful force that brings meaning, joy, and harmony to our existence.
One is done for you.
Word | Meaning | Your sentence |
1. transcend |
a. surpass |
The historic 7 March speech of Bangabandhu transcends geographical boundaries and got international appreciation. |
2. innate
| b. make or become less
|
|
3. evoke
| c. predetermined (When you already have an opinion about something before you've given it much thought)
|
|
4. foster
| d. comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness.
| |
5. figurative language,
| e. the act of making a person feel or look young again
| |
6. emanate
| f. friendly and peaceful
| |
7. preconceived
| g. raise
| |
8. harmonious
| h. calmness
| |
9. tranquility
| i. inborn, natural
| |
10. solace
| j. a type of communication where people use words or phrases which mean something different from their realistic meanings.
| |
11. rejuvenation
| k. arouse
| |
12. diminish
| l. to come out from a source
|
3.3.4 Read the text "The Sense of Beauty: Balancing our Inner and Outer Focus' again and in pairs/groups discuss the answers of the following questions given below. Finally, share your answers with the class.
'The Sense of Beauty: Balancing our Inner and Outer Focus' 'সৌন্দর্যবোধ: আমাদের ভেতর ও বাইরের চিন্তাকে সমন্বয় করে' শিরোনামের লেখাটি আবার পড়ো এবং নিচে দেওয়া প্রশ্নের উত্তরগুলো দলে বা জোড়ায় আলোচনা করো। সবশেষে তোমার উত্তরগুলো শ্রেণিতে শেয়ার করো।
a. Have you found the writer's claim/point of view in the essay?
b. Where have you found it?
c. How many body paragraphs are there in the essay? Do they have different arguments? If yes, what are they?
d. Are the introduction and conclusion focused on the main point of the essay?
e. Did the writer use any hook/attention grabber in the essay? If yes, what is it?
f. Did the writer use any counterargument? If yes, what is it?
g. What are the transitions you have found in the essay?
h. As a reader, can you easily follow the writer's flow of ideas? Explain with examples.
3.3.5 Read the text "The Sense of Beauty: Balancing our Inner and Outer Focus' again and summarise it in one paragraph. Later, do a pair check and finally share it with the whole class. 'The Sense of Beauty: Balancing our Inner and Outer Focus'
লেখাটি আবার পড়ো এবং একটি অনুচ্ছেদে এর সারাংশ লিখো। জোড়ায় এটি যাচাই করো এবং শ্রেণিতে শেয়ার করো।
The following guidelines are to help you write the summary.
a. First, read the text attentively and identify the main ideas of the text.
b. Then, list all the main ideas you have got in the text.
c. Later, organise all your ideas.
d. Now, write the introductory sentence of the summary.
e. It's time to turn all of your main ideas into sentences.
f. Here, combine all the sentences into one paragraph. Do not forget to use connecting words/cohesive devices to make your summary meaningful.
g. Now, check the use of punctuation marks, spelling, grammar, and organisation of the summary, and make the necessary edits.
h. Finally, write the final draft of your summary.
3.4.1 Let's be reasonable!
Read the given topic and follow the instructions to participate in the debate.
চলো, আমরা যৌক্তিক হই। নিচে দেওয়া বিষয়টি পড়ো এবং বিতর্কে অংশগ্রহণের জন্য নির্দেশনাগুলো অনুসরণ করো।
Debate topic: Do you think free education opens opportunities for everyone or limits opportunities?
a. Discuss in pairs/groups to decide your position.
b. Go towards the sign (strongly agree and strongly disagree) in the classroom where your belief stands.
c. Now, in a group of 5, discuss and brainstorm not only arguments for your side but also the other side as well to defend your opponent's arguments when needed.
d. Take 5-10 minutes to prepare a short opening statement for each team, 3-5 minutes long, and decide who will deliver each speech. Remember to use evidence to support your claims.
e. Deliver the opening statements from each team without interruptions. Members of both sides will take notes and prepare rebuttals (to refute by evidence or argument).
f. After the opening statements, alternate between both sides, students will raise their hands and address questions or comments to the other team. It will continue for a set period of time.
g. At the end, declare a winner based on who was more persuasive. You can consider how many reasons each team came up with for their side and also how well they answered the concerns of the other team.
3.4.2 It's time to work! Let's see, say and sort the problems around us.
এবার কাজের সময় হয়েছে! চলো, আমাদের চারপাশের সমস্যাগুলোকে লক্ষ্য করি, সেগুলো নিয়ে কথা বলি এবং বেছে নেই।
Follow the given instructions and take necessary help from your teachers, family, friends etc. to complete the work.
a. First, identify some issues around you that need to be addressed and prepare a list of them.
b. Then, think and discuss in pairs/groups to decide on one issue from the list. Choose one that you can argue on and write your topic and determine your position.
c. Next, talk to the people around you to know their opinions regarding the topic and take notes to use further.
d. Now, read all the arguments you have got and plan your argumentative essay. Write the introduction, and body paragraphs (2-3 your arguments and 1-2 counterarguments you got from your conversation with the people), explain the arguments and use evidence to support the arguments. Finally, write the conclusion.
e. Here, edit your writing and write the final draft.
f. Now, share it with the class. Also, you may publish it in your school magazine or any newspaper to draw the attention of the concerned authority.
New Words: speech, profound, satisfaction, remarkable, inequalities, aggression, wildlife, initiatives, poaching, monumental, envisioned, encompasses.
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Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Ducimus nihil, quo, quis minus aspernatur expedita, incidunt facilis aliquid inventore voluptate dolores accusantium laborum labore a dolorum dolore omnis qui? Consequuntur sed facilis repellendus corrupti amet in quibusdam ducimus illo autem, a praesentium.
1 hour ago
