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Question:

Which of the following data structures adheres to the Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle?

Options:

    
• A) Queue
    
• B) Stack
    
• C) Binary Search Tree
    
• D) Array
  

Correct Answer: B) Stack

Explanation:

A Stack is a linear data structure that restricts insertion and deletion operations to only one end, called the top. Because new items are placed on top of existing ones, the last item pushed into the stack is the first item to be popped out, satisfying the LIFO (Last In, First Out) order.

Why the other options are incorrect:

    
• A) Queue: Operates on a First In, First Out (FIFO) principle, where elements are inserted at the rear and removed from the front.
    
• C) Binary Search Tree: A hierarchical, non-linear data structure organized based on key values rather than insertion order.
    
• D) Array: A random-access data structure where elements can be retrieved or modified at any valid index regardless of insertion order.