Data is independence means
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ক
data is defined separately and not included in programe
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খ
programs are not dependent of the physical attributes of data
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গ
programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of data
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ঘ
both b and c
Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters for a centralized DBMS. It refers to the immunity of user applications to changes made in the definition and organization of data. Application programs should not, ideally, be exposed to details of data representation and storage. The DBMS provides an abstract view of the data that hides such details.
There are two types of data independence: physical and logical data independence.
The data independence and operation independence together gives the feature of data abstraction. There are two levels of data independence.
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ক
Data Backup Management System
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খ
Database Management Service
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গ
Database Management System
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ঘ
Data of Binary Management System
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ক
MS word
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খ
MS Excel
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গ
MS Outlook
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ঘ
Coral DRAW
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ক
ORACLE
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খ
C++
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গ
SYBASE
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ঘ
INFORMIX
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ক
data is dependent on programs
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খ
data redundancy increases
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গ
data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs
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ঘ
None of these
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ক
Standard Packaging and Storage System
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খ
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
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গ
Standard processing and Storage System
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ঘ
Statistical Process for the Social Sciences
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ঙ
None of these
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