Doctrine of Judicial Review was first evolved in the case of ---

The power of the courts, when confronted with a legitimate case, to review and strike down acts of government that violate the Constitution is called Judicial Review. Article III of the U.S. Constitution describes the powers and duties of the judicial branch.

This power, called Judicial Review, was established by the landmark decision in Marbury v. Madison, 1803.

Context of this case:

That case arose out of the great tensions that surrounded the elections of 1800. Federalists had lost poorly at both the national and state level.Federalists passed the Judiciary Act of 1801, creating 16 new federal judgeships with lifetime tenure as well as additional legislation that created 42 justices of the peace with fixed terms in office in the District of Columbia. William Marbury was one of the justices of the peace.

When President John Adams did not win a second term in the 1801 election, he used the final days of his presidency to make a large number of political appointments. On the eve of his last day in office outgoing President John Adams, a Federalist, appoints 82 Federalist justices.These "midnight judges" as they were called represented a threat to incoming President Thomas Jefferson, a Democrat- Republican. Jefferson feared Federalist interpretation of the law for the next 20 years. Among these midnight judges was one William Marbury.

Thus the government officials, including William Marbury, were denied their new jobs.Marbury brought his suit to the Supreme Court under its original jurisdiction. William Marbury petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus, to force Madison to deliver the commission.