A corporate network pool experience IP exhaustion due to a high volume of transient guest devices. What lease duration parameter adjustment resolves this?

A satellite link has a one way propagation delay of 250 ms and a transmission rate 1 Mbps. Frame size 1000 bytes, calculate utilization efficiency if stop-and-wait protocol is used what is minimum window size required to achieve 100% efficiency.

A core router receives a packet with destination IP address 192.168.20.45. 20.45.

The router's forwarding table contains the following overlapping routes:

1. 168.0.0/16
2. 168.16.0/20
3. 168.20.0/22
4. 168.20.32/28

Identify the exact routing interface the use to forward this packet.

A net link utilize 16QAM. If the unerlying signal system operates at bound rate 2400 Baud. Calculate exact Corresponding throughput in bps(bits per second)?