But a University training is the greatest ordinary means to a great bu ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society, at cultivating the public mind, at purifying the national taste, at supplying true principles to popular enthusiasm and fixed aims to popular aspiration, at giving enlargement and sobriety to the ideas of the age, at facilitating the exercise of political power and refining the intercourse of private life. It is the education which gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them and a force in using them. It teaches him to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skeing of thought, to go right to the point, to disentangle a skeing of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irreleva'.c. It prepares him to fill any post with credit, and to master any subject with facility. (write a precis)

A university must do more than merely provide a high-class professor apprenticeship. It does not matter in the lest what a student's specie line happens to be; the fact that he is a specialist cannot excuse him from responsibilities as a man. Students must emerge as complete human beings capable of taking th proper place in society as a credit to their universities both for th professional knowledge and as men. There is no conflict between the disciplines here. Nobody can be termed a complete man who has no knowledge of what science has to teach and equally, human obligations cannot be escaped on the grounds of being a specialized scientist of technologist. By human obligations I mean the ability to behave is a reasonable way to observe restraint so that restraints do not have to be imposed, to be able to think clearly and objectively so that false doctrines cannot gain ground. I believe that it also means the ability to see through nonsense, political, economic, scientific, and so on, and the feeling that it is a duty to resist it. This in no way conflicts with the amount of specialized knowledge, whether scientific, classical, or anything else, which the student can absorb and turn to good account for himself and the community at large. (write a precis)

Hence it is that it is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain. This description is both refined and as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupted in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him, and he concurs with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered parallel to what are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature like an easy chair or a good fire, which do their past in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat without them. The true gentleman in like manner carefully avoids what may cause a jar or a jolt in the minds of those with whom he is cast; all clashing of opinion or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment; his great concern being to make everyone at their ease and at home. He has his eyes on all his company; he is tender towards the bashful, gentle towards the distant, and merciful towards the absurd; he can recollect to whom he is speaking; he guards against unreasonable allusions or topics which may irritate; he is seldom prominent in conversation, and never wearisome. (write a precis)

The greatest of the changes that science has brought is the acuity of change: 15 the greatest novelty the extent of novelty. Short of rare times of greatest disaster, civilizations have not known such rapid alteration in the conditions of their life, such rapid flowering of many varied sciences, such rapid changes in the ideas we have about the world and one another. What has been true in the days of great disaster or great military defeat for one people at one time is true for all of us now, in the sense that our ends have little in common with our beginnings. Within a lifetime what we learned at school has been rendered inadequate by new discoveries and new inventions, the ways that we learn in childhood are only very meagerly adequate to the issues that we must meet in maturity. In fact, of course, the nation of universal knowledge has always been an illusion, but it is an illusion fostered the monistic view of the world in which a few great central truths determine in all its wonderful and amazing proliferation everything else that is true. We are not today tempted to search for these keys that unlock the whole human knowledge and of man's experience. We know that we are ignorant, we are well taught it and the more surely and deeply we know our own job the better we are to appreaiate the full measure of our pervasive ignorance. We know that these are inherent limits. compounded, no doubt, and exaggerated by that sloth and complacency without which we would not be men at all. (write a precis)

But while the trivial pleasures of culture have their place as a relief from the trivial worries of practical life, the more important merits of contemplation are in relation to the greater evils of life, death and pain and cruelty, and the blind march of nations into unnecessary disaster. For those to whom dogmatic religion can no longer bring comfort, there is need of some substitute, if life is not to become dusty and harsh and filled with trival selfassertion. The world at present is full of angry self-centered groups, each incapable of viewing human life as a whole, each willing to destroy civilization rather than yield and inch. To this narrowness on amount of technical instruction will provide any antidote. The antidote, in so far as it is a matter of individual psychology, is to be found in history, biology, astronomy and all those studies, which, without destroying self-respect enable the individual to see himself in his proper perspective. What needed is not this or that specific piece of information, but such knowledge as inspires a conception of the ends of human life as a whole. (write a precis)