Passive Voice( āĻāϰā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ ): āĻā§āύ Sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Subject āĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻšā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Passive Voice āĻŦāϞ⧠āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ :
Rice Is eaten by me.
A letter is written by him.
A book is read by Fateha.
Football is being played by us.
Passive Voice (āĻāϰā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ) āĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϰā§āĻĒ āϝā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠Subject āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϰāĻ Object āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻāϏ⧠āĻĒā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§, āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāϰā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāύāĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āϰāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§ā§āϏ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āϧā§āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāϞ⧠Object-āĻā§ Subject āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽā§āϞ Verb-āĻāϰ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž Past Participle (V3) āϰā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
ā§§. āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ (Basic Rules)
āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻā§ā§āϏ⧠āϰā§āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϧāĻžāĻĒ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§:
Active Voice-āĻāϰ Object-āĻāĻŋ Passive Voice-āĻāϰ Subject āĻšā§āĨ¤
Tense āĻāĻŦāĻ Subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏāύ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ Auxiliary Verb (āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻŽā§āϞ Verb-āĻāϰ Past Participle (V3) āϰā§āĻĒ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ 'by' āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻŦāϏ⧠(āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠to, at, with, in āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§)āĨ¤
Active Voice-āĻāϰ Subject-āĻāĻŋ Passive Voice-āĻāϰ Object āĻšā§āĨ¤
⧍.TenseāĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ Auxiliary Verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ
| Tense | Active Voice (Example) | Passive Voice (Auxiliary) | Passive Example |
|---|
| Present Indefinite | He plays football. | am / is / are | Football is played by him. |
| Present Continuous | He is playing football. | am/is/are + being | Football is being played by him. |
| Present Perfect | He has played football. | have/has + been | Football has been played by him. |
| Past Indefinite | He played football. | was / were | Football was played by him. |
| Past Continuous | He was playing football. | was/were + being | Football was being played by him. |
| Past Perfect | He had played football. | had + been | Football had been played by him. |
| Future Indefinite | He will play football. | shall be / will be | Football will be played by him. |
ā§Š. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽā§āϰ āϰā§āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ
āĻ) Imperative Sentence (āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ/āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ):
āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻā§āύā§āϏ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ 'Let' āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.
Active: Do not shut the door.
Passive: Let not the door be shut.
āĻ) Modal Auxiliaries (can, could, may, must, should):
āĻŽāĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŦ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŽāĻĄāĻžāϞ-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ 'be' āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
Active: I can do it.
Passive: It can be done by me.
Active: You must obey your parents.
Passive: Your parents must be obeyed by you.
āĻ) Double Object āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ:
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻŦāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ (āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āύā§āĻā§āĻž āĻļā§āϰā§ā§)āĨ¤
āĻ) Interrogative Sentence (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ):
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ (?) āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ 'Who' āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ-āĻ 'By whom' āĻāĻŦāĻ 'Whom' āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠'Who' āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Active: Who is calling me?
Passive: By whom am I being called?
Active: Did you see him?
Passive: Was he seen by you?