Narration

Narration āφāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ Tense, modals, person, 5 kinds of sentences āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤ, Direct āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ Indirect Narration āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇āϏāĻŦ verbs āĻ“ adverbs āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤

Tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ:

Direct narration-āĻāϰ Reporting verb  āϝāĻĻāĻŋ  Present āĻŦāĻž Future Tense āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ Reported speech-āĻ Tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ 

Direct: He says, I am ill."

Indirect: He says that he is ill. 

Direct: Rana will say, 'I am sorry."

Indirect: Rana will say that he is sorry.

āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ Reporting verb āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Past tense-āĻāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧋āĻ•ā§āϤ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§‡ Reported speech-āĻāϰ tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ :

Direct-āĻ āĻāχ Tense āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇Indirect-āĻ āĻāχ Tense āĻšāĻŦ⧇
 1. Present Indefinite TensePast Indefinite Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense
5. Past Indefinite Tense Past Perfect Tense
6. Past Continuous TensePast Perfect Continuous Tense

 

2. Words / phrases āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ : āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ words/phrases āφāϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ Direct āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ Indirect āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ :

 

Direct-āĻ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āĻšā§āĻ› āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇

Indirect-āĻ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āĻšā§āĻ› āĻšāϝāĻŧ

This — āĻāϟāĻŋ/āĻāϟāĻž/āĻāχthat — āĻāϟāĻŋ/āĻāϟāĻž/ āϐ
These āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋those āĻ“āϗ⧁āϞ⧋
Now – āĻāĻ–āύthen — āϤāĻ–āύ
Here — āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇there – āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇
Ago - āφāϗ⧇before – āφāϗ⧇
The same day – āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύthe following day / the next day āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Hence – āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇āĨ¤thence – āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇
Hither – āĻāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ -thither – āϏ⧇āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇
Thus – āĻāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ so – āϤāĻžāχ
Come āφāϏāĻžgo - āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Tomorrow – āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ•āĻžāϞthe next day āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Yesterday — āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ the day before/the previous day āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Tonight – āφāϜ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇that night — āϐ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇
Last night — āĻ—āϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇the night before / the previous night – āφāϗ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāϤ⧇
Next week – āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡the following week
Last week - āĻ—āϤ āϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡the previous week
Tomorrow morningthe next morning
Yesterday morningthe previous morning
Today – āφāϜthat day — āϐ āĻĻāĻŋāύ

 

 

[āĻŦāĻŋ.āĻĻā§āϰ. It-āĻāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āĻšā§āĻ› āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Direct Narration-āĻ āφāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāĻ¨â€” come āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ go āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ go-āχ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, come āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž |

 

3. Assertive Sentence-āĻāϰ  Narration: Reporting Verb say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ tell āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ object āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ say āĻŦāĻšāĻžāϞ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ Comma āĻ“ inverted comma āωāϠ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ that āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĨ¤ Tense āĻ“ person āϝāĻĨāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

Munna said to Zuhan, I shall come to you tomorrow'. It's indirect form is-

Munna told Zuhan that he would go to him the following day. 

 āĻŦāĻŋ.āĻĻā§āϰ. Reported speech-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāϰāĻ¨ā§āϤāύ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ (universal truth) āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤

 

3. Interrogative Sentence-āĻāϰ   Narration: Reporting verb say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇  ask/enquire of āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Wh-question word āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ comma āωāϠ⧇ if āĻŦāĻž whether āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ Wh-question word āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āφāϰ indirect āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ Assertive āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

He asked me if I had passed 

 

4. Imperative Sentence -āĻāϰ Narration: Reported Speech-āĻāϰ  āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ say āĻāϰ  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇   order, command, request, advise, beg, ask, tell āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ-āĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ Comma āĻ“ Inverted comma āωāϠ⧇ to āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻž-āĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ not to āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ please āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āωāϠ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ kindly āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ sir āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ respectfully āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤


I ordered to do it.

The man requested the officer to please to help him.

 

5. Let āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž imperative sentence āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ Say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ propose āĻŦāĻž suggest āĻšāϝāĻŧ, comma āωāϠ⧇ that āĻŦāϏ⧇ let āωāϠ⧇ subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ should āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ Assertive āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĨ¤ 

Direct: Rana said to me, 'Let us go home."

Indirect : Rana proposed to me that we should go home.

 

7. Let āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āύāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ Let-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ might āĻŦāĻž might be allowed to āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĨ¤

Direct: The boy said,'Let me do it'. 

Indirect: The boy said that he might be allowed to do it.

 

8. Optative Sentence-āĻāϰ  Narration: Reported speech-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ  āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ wish āĻŦāĻž pray, comma āωāĻ āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ that āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ subject-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ might āĻŦāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ Assertive āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

Direct: The teacher said to me, 'May you pass the examination'.

Indirect:  The teacher wished that I might pass the examination. √

 

9. āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ good morning/evening āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ wish āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ good bye/ good night āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ bid āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§āϝ, bid-āĻāϰ past form āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ bade.

Direct: Raju said, 'Good morning, my friends

Indirect: Raju wished his friends good morning or Raju wished good morning to his friends.

10. Exclamatory Sentence-āĻāϰ   Narration: Exclamatory sentence-āĻ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ Say-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ exclaim in āĻŦāĻž with joy/delight/wonder, cry out in joy āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧇; āφāϰ āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ– āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ exclaim with sorrow grief āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āωāĻ āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ that āĻŦāϏ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ alas, ah, hurrah, āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ Assertive āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ What āĻŦāĻž how āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ, āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ noun-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ great āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ adjective-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ very āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤ 

Direct: He said, "Hurrah! We have won the game.

Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that they had won the game. 

Direct: He said, 'Alas! I am undone."

Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone.

 

11. Vocative Case- āĻāϰ   Narration: Narration- āĻ āĻ•āĻžāωāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāϞ⧇ object-āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϏāĻž, āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Addressing āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĨ¤

Direct: He said, 'Friends, listen to me."

Indirect : Addressing them as his friends he requested them to listen to him.

Or, He requested his friends to listen to him.

12. Direct Narration- āĻāϰ reporting verb-āϟāĻŋ past tense-āĻ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ reported speech-it āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāϰāĻ¨ā§āϤāύ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ (universal truth), āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽ ( habitual fact), āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ (scientific truth) āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ indirect āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ reported speech- āϟāĻŋāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

Direct: He said to me, "Regular exercise is good for health.

Indirect : He told me that regular exercise is good for health. 

13. Direct narration-āĻāϰ  reported speech- āĻ fool/liar/coward āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ indirect  āĻ  āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ direct-āĻāϰ reporting verb said- āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ called āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤

 āϝ⧇āĻŽāĻ¨â€” 

Indirect : Rafiq called me a liar.

Direct:  Rafiq said to me, “you are a liar”

āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ

ā§§ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ, āĻļā§€āϟ, āϏāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻļāύ āĻ“
āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ!

āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϏāĻŋāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ — āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ!

āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āϜāϞāĻ›āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
Logo, Motto āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāύ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āϜāϞāĻ›āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
Logo, Motto āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāύ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž (āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ)
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
OMR āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻ•āϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāĻĄāĻžāϰ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ/āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
āϏ⧇āϟ āϕ⧋āĻĄ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āĻĄ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž (āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ)
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
OMR āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻ•āϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāĻĄāĻžāϰ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ/āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
āϏ⧇āϟ āϕ⧋āĻĄ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āĻĄ
āĻāĻ–āύāχ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§‹ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύ
ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+
āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•
ā§Šā§Ļ āϞāĻ•ā§āώ+
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ ā§§ā§Ģ āĻĒ⧟āϏāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
ā§§ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ, āĻļā§€āϟ, āϏāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻļāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āφāϜāχ

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