The Tense (Corrections) āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§āϰ (Verb) āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻāϤ āĻā§āϞāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻžāύā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻāϰā§, āϝā§āĻŽāύ "He go" āύāĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻšāĻŦā§ "He goes" (Present Simple) āĻŦāĻž "He went" (Past Simple)āĨ¤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ Tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ (āĻ
āϤā§āϤ, āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝā§) āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
āύāĻŋāĻā§ The Tense-Correction (āĻāĻžāϞ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϞ āĻ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύ)-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āϏāĻāĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āύā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāϞ⧠āϝāĻž āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻā§ā§āĻŦāϏāĻžāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāĻāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻā§:
The Tense (Corrections)
āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ Tense-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžā§ Tense-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§:
ā§§. āĻāĻŋāϰāύā§āϤāύ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻ āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻŽ (Universal Truth & Habitual Fact):
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϰāύā§āϤāύ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻāϤ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž Present Indefinite Tense āĻšāĻŦā§, āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ⧠Tense āύā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: The sun rose in the east.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: The sun rises in the east.
āĻā§āϞ: He said that honesty was the best policy.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: He said that honesty is the best policy.
⧍. Since āĻ For-āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ (Present Perfect Continuous):
āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠(āϝā§āĻŽāύ: āϏāĻāĻžāϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§, āĻĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŖā§āĻāĻž āϧāϰā§) āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ Continuous Tense āύāĻž āĻšā§ā§ Present Perfect Continuous Tense āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: It is raining since morning.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: It has been raining since morning.
āĻā§āϞ: I am reading in this school for five years.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: I have been reading in this school for five years.
ā§Š. āĻ
āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ (Past Perfect):
āĻ
āϤā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻšā§ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϝā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ Past Perfect āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻā§ āϏā§āĻāĻŋ Past Indefinite āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠'Before' āĻāĻŦāĻ 'After'-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: The train left before we reached the station.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: The train had left before we reached the station.
āĻā§āϞ: The doctor had come after the patient died.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: The doctor came after the patient had died.
ā§Ē. āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ (Future Context):
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠tomorrow, next day āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻž Future Indefinite āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ 'If' āĻŦāĻž 'When' āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻļāϰā§āϤāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§ Future Tense āύāĻž āĻšā§ā§ Present Indefinite āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: If he will come, I will go.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: If he comes, I will go.
āĻā§āϞ: I shall wait until he will finish his work.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: I shall wait until he finishes his work.
ā§Ģ. Sequence of Tense (āĻā§āύā§āϏā§āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž):
Principal Clause āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Past Tense-āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ Subordinate Clause-āĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Past Tense-āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: He said that he is busy.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: He said that he was busy.
āĻā§āϞ: I knew that he will pass.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: I knew that he would pass. (Will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠would āĻŦāϏā§)āĨ¤
ā§Ŧ. āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠Tense:
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠just, just now, already, yet, lately, recently āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Present Perfect Tense āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: I saw him just now.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: I have seen him just now.
āĻā§āϞ: Did you ever be to London?
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: Have you ever been to London?