কতগুলো Conjunctions আছে যাদের দুটি অংশ থাকে, যার একটি অংশ অপরটির সাথে মিলে একটি যৌগিক Conjunction গঠন করে। এদেরকে Correlative Conjunction বলা হয় অর্থাৎ এদের প্রথম অংশ দ্বিতীয় অংশের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত ।
For example:
such.......…..that, both....…..and, no sooner.......than, either............or, the same........as the same.....that, scarcely... ..when , hardly....before/when, neither..........nor, whether.........or not, not only.......but also etc.
Correlative Conjunctions হলো সেইসব কনজাংশন যারা সবসময় জোড়ায় জোড়ায় (In pairs) ব্যবহৃত হয়। এরা বাক্যের দুটি সমমর্যাদাসম্পন্ন অংশকে (শব্দ বা ক্লজ) একে অপরের সাথে সম্পর্কিত বা ভারসাম্যপূর্ণ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
১. মূল বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ:
এগুলো এককভাবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে না, সবসময় জোড়ায় বসে।
এরা বাক্যের দুটি সমজাতীয় ব্যাকরণগত কাঠামোর মধ্যে যোগসূত্র তৈরি করে।
বাক্যের অর্থের ওপর বিশেষ গুরুত্ব আরোপ করতে এগুলো ব্যবহৃত হয়।
২. প্রধান Correlative Conjunctions ও উদাহরণ:
জোড়া (Pairs)
অর্থ / ব্যবহার
উদাহরণ (Example)
Both... and
উভয়ই (দুটিকেই বোঝাতে)
Both Rahim and Karim are going.
Either... or
হয় এটি, নয় ওটি
Either you or your brother has done this.
Neither... nor
এটিও না, ওটিও না
He is neither a liar nor a thief.
Not only... but also
কেবল এটিই নয়, ওটিও
She is not only talented but also hard-working.
Whether... or
এটি নাকি ওটি (সন্দেহ/পছন্দ)
I don't care whether you stay or leave.
No sooner... than
একটি হতে না হতেই অন্যটি
No sooner had I reached than the train left.
Scarcely... when
কোনোক্রমে হতে না হতেই
Scarcely had he arrived when the bell rang.
Hardly... when
কদাচিৎ বা হতে না হতেই
Hardly had I finished when it started raining.
৩. ব্যবহারের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়মসমূহ:
ক) Verb-এর ব্যবহার (S-V Agreement):
Either... or, Neither... nor, Not only... but also এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb সবসময় তার নিকটতম Subject অনুযায়ী বসে।
Correct: Either the teacher or the studentsare responsible.
Correct: Either the students or the teacheris responsible.
খ) সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallel Structure):
প্রথম কনজাংশনটির পরে যে Parts of Speech থাকবে, দ্বিতীয়টির পরেও একই ধরণের Parts of Speech বসাতে হয়।
Incorrect: He is not only famous for his acting but also for his kindness. (ভুল ভারসাম্য)
Correct: He is famous not only for his actingbut also for his kindness.
গ) No sooner / Scarcely / Hardly-এর ক্ষেত্রে:
এই বাক্যগুলো শুরু হলে Verb (সাধারণত 'had') Subject-এর আগে চলে আসে। একে Inversion বলা হয়।
Correct:No sooner had I reached the station than it began to rain.
In formal English, the conjunction "as" is used to introduce a clause or a phrase that indicates a comparison or the manner in which something is done. In this sentence, "as in the old days" describes how the evening was spent, implying "in the way it was done in the old days."
Conversely, "like" is primarily used as a preposition to mean "similar to" or "in the manner of," and is typically followed by a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. While "like" is often used informally in place of "as" or "as if," it is generally considered incorrect in standard written English when introducing a clause or an adverbial phrase of comparison.
For example:
Incorrect: She sings like she is a professional.
Correct: She sings as if she is a professional.
Correct: She sings like a professional. (Here, 'like' is a preposition followed by a noun phrase 'a professional'.)
Therefore, "as in the old days" is the grammatically correct and more formal choice for this context.
উত্তরঃ
Dhaka University is sometimes called the Oxford of the East.
The definite article "the" is required before "Oxford of the East" because it functions as a specific and unique title or epithet for Dhaka University. When a common noun (like "Oxford" used metaphorically) is made specific by an "of" phrase (like "of the East"), the definite article "the" is typically used to indicate that specificity. In this context, "Oxford of the East" refers to a singular, well-defined entity or comparison, highlighting Dhaka University's reputation and academic standing in the region, analogous to how Oxford University is perceived in the West.
In English grammar, the verb 'call' can be used in several ways, and its usage dictates whether a preposition is required. When 'call' means 'to telephone someone', it functions as a transitive verb and directly takes an object without any preposition. For example, one would say "Please call Mr. Khan" to mean telephoning him.
Conversely, if 'call' is used to mean 'to pay a brief visit to someone', it typically forms a phrasal verb with the preposition 'on', as in "to call on someone". For instance, "We will call on our neighbours tomorrow."
Given the structure "Please call – Mr. Khan tomorrow morning", the most common and grammatically appropriate interpretation is that Mr. Khan should be telephoned. Therefore, no preposition is needed in the blank, and the sentence correctly reads "Please call Mr. Khan tomorrow morning."