Verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে তা যদি একইসাথে verb এবং noun-এর কাজ করে তবে তাকে gerund বলে ।
For example-
Reading is an excellent habit.
Gerund/Noun একটি বাক্যে পাঁচটি অবস্থানে বসে:
1. Sentence এর subject হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking is called the best exercise.
2.Sentence এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
It has stopped raining.
3.Preposition এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
The customers grew tired of waiting.
Be is fond of riding bicycle.
There is no credit in earning money illegally.
4.Complement হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Seeing is believing.
His profession is teaching.
My favorite activity is riding bicycle.
5.Compound noun হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking stick has been lost.
Taking exercise is a good habit.
Making tea can be your earning source.
Gerund হলো verb-এর একটি Non-finite রূপ যা verb-এর Base form-এর সাথে 'ing' যুক্ত হয়ে গঠিত হয় এবং একই সাথে verb ও Noun-এর কাজ করে। যেহেতু এটি Noun-এর মতো কাজ করে, একে অনেক সময় 'Verbal Noun' বলা হয়।
১. গঠন (Formation):
Structure: Base form of verb + ing.
Example: Reading, Swimming, Walking, Writing.
২. ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রসমূহ:
ক) বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে:
Noun-এর মতো এটি বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে কাজ বা বিষয়ের নাম বোঝায়।
Example:Reading is my hobby.
Example:Smoking is injurious to health.
খ) বাক্যের Object হিসেবে:
Transitive verb-এর পরে বসে এটি কাজের নাম প্রকাশ করে।
Example: I enjoy swimming.
Example: Stop writing now.
গ) Preposition-এর Object হিসেবে:
যেকোনো Preposition (of, for, by, without, in, at) এর পরে verb থাকলে তা সাধারণত Gerund হয়।
Example: He is fond of drawing.
Example: You cannot pass without working hard.
ঘ) Complement হিসেবে:
Linking verb-এর পরে বসে বাক্যের অর্থ পূর্ণ করে।
Example: Seeing is believing.
Example: My favorite hobby is gardening.
ঙ) Compound Noun হিসেবে:
যখন কোনো বস্তুর ব্যবহারের উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Noun-এর সাথে বসে।
Example: A walking stick (A stick for walking).
Example: A frying pan (A pan for frying).
৩. বিশেষ কিছু Phrase-এর পর Gerund:
কিছু নির্দিষ্ট Phrase বা Expression-এর পর সবসময় Gerund বসে:
শব্দগুলো: Look forward to, With a view to, Get used to, Be used to, Cannot help, Could not help, Would you mind.
In formal English, the conjunction "as" is used to introduce a clause or a phrase that indicates a comparison or the manner in which something is done. In this sentence, "as in the old days" describes how the evening was spent, implying "in the way it was done in the old days."
Conversely, "like" is primarily used as a preposition to mean "similar to" or "in the manner of," and is typically followed by a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. While "like" is often used informally in place of "as" or "as if," it is generally considered incorrect in standard written English when introducing a clause or an adverbial phrase of comparison.
For example:
Incorrect: She sings like she is a professional.
Correct: She sings as if she is a professional.
Correct: She sings like a professional. (Here, 'like' is a preposition followed by a noun phrase 'a professional'.)
Therefore, "as in the old days" is the grammatically correct and more formal choice for this context.
In English grammar, the verb 'call' can be used in several ways, and its usage dictates whether a preposition is required. When 'call' means 'to telephone someone', it functions as a transitive verb and directly takes an object without any preposition. For example, one would say "Please call Mr. Khan" to mean telephoning him.
Conversely, if 'call' is used to mean 'to pay a brief visit to someone', it typically forms a phrasal verb with the preposition 'on', as in "to call on someone". For instance, "We will call on our neighbours tomorrow."
Given the structure "Please call – Mr. Khan tomorrow morning", the most common and grammatically appropriate interpretation is that Mr. Khan should be telephoned. Therefore, no preposition is needed in the blank, and the sentence correctly reads "Please call Mr. Khan tomorrow morning."