Subordinating Conjunction

āφāĻŽāϰāĻž coordinating conjunction āϏāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧇ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϝ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύ clause āϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ Subordinating conjunction āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ Subordinating conjunction āĻāĻŽāύ āϏāĻŦ clause-āϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞ; āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāχ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ clause āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύ āĻŦāĻž independent āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϟāĻŋ (āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϗ⧁āϞ⧋) āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϐ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞāĨ¤

We study hard so that we can pass the exam.

We had reached the station before the train left.

We waited in the street until he came.

āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ Subordinating Conjunction-āĻāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āύ⧋āϟ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€:


Note: Subordinating Conjunction

Subordinating Conjunction āĻšāϞ⧋ āϏ⧇āχāϏāĻŦ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ Subordinate Clause (āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ)-āϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ Principal Clause (āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ)-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ•āύāϜāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāϤāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

ā§§. āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš:

  • āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻŽāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ (Unequal rank) āĻ•ā§āϞāϜāϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

  • āĻāϟāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇, āϏ⧇āχ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĒā§œā§‡āĨ¤

  • āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡â€”āωāϭ⧟ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āχ āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

⧍. āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ Subordinating Conjunction-āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—:

āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ:

āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš (Conjunctions)āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ (Examples)
āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ (Time)When, While, After, Before, Until, Since, As soon asWait here until I return.
āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ (Cause/Reason)Because, Since, AsI couldn't go because I was ill.
āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ (Condition)If, Unless, Provided thatIf it rains, we will not go.
āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ (Purpose)That, So that, In order that, LestWe eat so that we may live.
āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ (Result)So... that, Such... thatHe is so weak that he cannot walk.
āĻŦ⧈āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ¤ā§āϝ (Concession)Though, Although, Even ifThough he is poor, he is honest.
āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž (Comparison)Than, As... asHe is taller than I am.

ā§Š. āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ (Punctuation):

āĻ•) āϝāĻ–āύ Conjunction āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇:

āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Subordinating Conjunction āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž (,) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

  • Structure: [Subordinating Clause] +, + [Main Clause]

  • Example: Because he was late, he missed the bus.

āĻ–) āϝāĻ–āύ Conjunction āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇:

āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āύāϜāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻžāĨ¤

  • Structure: [Main Clause] + [Subordinating Clause]

  • Example: He missed the bus because he was late.

ā§Ē. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āύāϜāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ:

  • Unless (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āύāĻž): āĻāϟāĻŋ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ 'not' āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

    • Example: You will fail unless you study hard.

  • Lest (āĻĒāĻžāϛ⧇ āϭ⧟ āĻšā§Ÿ āϝ⧇): āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻœā§‡ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ 'should' āĻŦāĻž 'might' āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤

    • Example: Walk fast lest you should miss the train.

  • Since (āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ / āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇): āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āωāϭ⧟āχ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

    • Example: Since you are busy, I will come later.

ā§Ģ. āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϗ⧇āϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ:

  • As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.

  • I have been living here since I was a child.

  • Although it was raining, we went out to play.

  • He speaks as if he knew everything.

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āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ

ā§§ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ, āĻļā§€āϟ, āϏāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻļāύ āĻ“
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āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϏāĻŋāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ — āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ!

āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āϜāϞāĻ›āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
Logo, Motto āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāύ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āϜāϞāĻ›āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
Logo, Motto āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāύ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž (āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ)
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
OMR āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻ•āϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāĻĄāĻžāϰ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ/āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
āϏ⧇āϟ āϕ⧋āĻĄ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āĻĄ
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž (āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ)
āĻ…āĻŸā§‹ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
OMR āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ, āĻ•āϞāĻžāĻŽ, āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāĻĄāĻžāϰ
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ/āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
āϏ⧇āϟ āϕ⧋āĻĄ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āĻĄ
āĻāĻ–āύāχ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§‹ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύ
ā§Ģā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+
āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•
ā§Šā§Ļ āϞāĻ•ā§āώ+
āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ ā§§ā§Ģ āĻĒ⧟āϏāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
ā§§ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ, āĻļā§€āϟ, āϏāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻļāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āφāϜāχ

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