Read the following passage and answer the questions A

We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money everyday. In fact, spending is a part of our life.

Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create, unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems.

Now a days consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often encourage customers to buy things by flattering them. This is a perfect match for you", they would say, or 'You look so stunning in that dress." Never forget, they say the same thing to most of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too many items to eat in a restaurant. They can eat only some of them and the rest are wasted. It's not a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it. Young people in a shopping mall often look at an item on display and think 'Oh I must buy this. I really need this. They may not have the money needed in their wallet. So they use credit cards but using them is like taking a loan. If they are not careful, the loans increase which might lead them to a debt-trap.

B. Answer the following questions:

উত্তরঃ

Most rivers in our country are in a deplorable condition, with many being polluted, dying, or already dead.

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The passage highlights that the rivers in Bangladesh are generally "not in good shape," with several already succumbing to death and others in critical condition. This severe degradation is primarily due to extensive pollution, as exemplified by the Buriganga River. The text points out that huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from various sources such as mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, and households are regularly dumped into the rivers. Specifically, Dhaka city contributes significantly to this pollution by discharging thousands of tons of solid waste and highly toxic tannery waste into the Buriganga daily, transforming it into a dying river characterized by polluted water and a persistent foul smell. This indicates a dire environmental crisis impacting the country's crucial river systems.

উত্তরঃ

The river Buriganga held significant commercial value as it played a crucial role in supporting trade and commerce, particularly during the time when the Mughals founded Jahangirnagar (Dhaka) on its banks.

Historically, the river served as a vital waterway, enabling the transport of goods and people. Its navigability facilitated commercial activities, allowing merchants to move products to and from the region, which was instrumental in establishing Jahangirnagar as a thriving economic center.

উত্তরঃ

The Buriganga is described as a dying river primarily due to severe pollution that has drastically degraded its water quality and ecological health. Its once glorious state has been completely reversed by rampant human activities.

According to the provided passage, the river's water is heavily polluted, and a constant foul smell permeates the air around it. This decline is attributed to the daily dumping of massive quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from various sources. These include mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments located in and around Dhaka.

More specifically, the city of Dhaka alone discharges about 4500 tons of solid waste into the Buriganga daily. Furthermore, the Department of the Environment (DOE) reports that 20,000 tons of highly toxic tannery waste are released into the river every day. Experts have identified nine major industrial areas, such as Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal, as primary contributors to this catastrophic pollution, effectively sucking the life out of the river that once supported the capital.

উত্তরঃ The Buriganga is polluted by huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments, along with solid waste from Dhaka city and vast amounts of tannery waste.

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The Buriganga River is severely polluted by a multitude of sources, as detailed in the passage. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and various wastes are dumped into the river daily from mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments. The city of Dhaka plays a significant role in this pollution by discharging approximately 4500 tons of solid waste into the river every day. Moreover, the Department of the Environment (DOE) reports that a staggering 20,000 tons of tannery waste, which includes highly toxic materials, are released into the river daily. Experts have identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city—Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone, and Ghorashal—as the primary contributors to this extensive river pollution, gradually "sucking life out of it."

উত্তরঃ

The Mughals marvelled at the tide level of the Buriganga. As an outcome, they founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610.

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The Mughals, known for their strategic acumen, were highly impressed by the consistent and significant tide level of the Buriganga River. This natural phenomenon was vital for several reasons: it facilitated easy navigation for large boats, which was crucial for trade and commerce, and it also offered a natural defense mechanism. Recognizing these immense benefits, the Mughals chose the banks of the Buriganga to establish their new capital, Jahangirnagar, in 1610. This strategic decision leveraged the river's resources for transportation, drinking water, and economic activities, contributing significantly to the city's growth and prosperity, eventually leading to its renaming as Dhaka and its development into a heavily populated metropolis.

উত্তরঃ

This input represents one sentence (i) from a 'Rearrange the sentences' type question in English 1st Paper, designed for HSC level students.

The overall task for the student would be to order this sentence along with other provided sentences (not included in this specific input) to create a coherent paragraph.