Read the passage and answer questions no. 1, 2 and 3 :
Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun, But they can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this.

The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy, such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air.

Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans. Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as (forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests.

উত্তরঃ

Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, formed from the decomposition of ancient organic matter over millions of years. We need them primarily for generating energy, powering transportation, and as raw materials in various industries.

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Fossil fuels are natural fuels created from the remains of dead plants and animals that were buried deep within the Earth's crust millions of years ago. Under immense heat and pressure, these organic materials transformed into energy-rich substances like coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Humanity relies heavily on fossil fuels because they are highly concentrated sources of energy. They are indispensable for generating electricity to power homes and industries, fueling cars, trains, ships, and airplanes for transportation, and providing heat. Furthermore, petroleum serves as a crucial raw material for producing countless products, including plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.

উত্তরঃ Trees are vital for protecting our environment by producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, preventing soil erosion, supporting biodiversity, and regulating climate.

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Trees play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and protecting our environment. They are often called the 'lungs of the Earth' because they absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, and release oxygen, which is essential for all living beings. Beyond air purification, trees help prevent soil erosion by holding soil together with their roots, thereby reducing the risk of floods and landslides. They also provide habitats for a vast array of wildlife, contributing to biodiversity. Furthermore, trees influence local and global climates by providing shade, reducing heat, and contributing to rainfall patterns.

উত্তরঃ We can reduce the rise of greenhouse gases in the air by:

• Shifting to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
• Improving energy efficiency in homes, vehicles, and industries.
• Promoting public transportation, cycling, and walking to reduce reliance on fossil fuel-powered vehicles.
• Planting more trees and preventing deforestation, as trees absorb carbon dioxide.
• Adopting sustainable agricultural practices that reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
• Reducing, reusing, and recycling waste to minimize energy consumption in production.

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Greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. Reducing their emissions is vital to mitigate environmental damage. Transitioning to renewable energy sources is a primary method, as burning fossil fuels is a major source of these gases. Additionally, energy conservation, sustainable land use, and waste management are crucial steps that collectively help in lowering the concentration of greenhouse gases and protecting the planet.

উত্তরঃ

We are strengthening the greenhouse effect primarily through various human activities that release an excessive amount of greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is a natural process vital for life on Earth, where certain gases trap heat, keeping the planet warm enough to sustain life. However, human actions have significantly amplified this natural process.

The largest contributor to this strengthening is the burning of fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes. This combustion releases vast quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most significant long-lived greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. Industrial activities, such as cement production and manufacturing, also contribute to CO2 emissions.

Another major factor is deforestation and land-use change. Forests act as crucial carbon sinks, absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. When forests are cleared for agriculture, logging, or urbanization, the stored carbon is released, and the planet's capacity to absorb CO2 is diminished. Additionally, agricultural practices, including livestock farming (which produces methane, CH4) and the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers (which release nitrous oxide, N2O), are significant sources of other potent greenhouse gases.

The accumulation of these human-emitted greenhouse gases traps more heat than naturally necessary, leading to a rise in global temperatures, a phenomenon known as global warming. This intensified greenhouse effect disrupts natural climate patterns, causing widespread environmental changes such as extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and impacts on biodiversity.

উত্তরঃ

Yes, I agree that humans are largely responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect. While the natural greenhouse effect is crucial for sustaining life on Earth by keeping the planet warm, human activities have significantly amplified this effect by increasing the concentration of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere.

The main reason for human responsibility lies in the extensive burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes. This activity releases vast quantities of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. Furthermore, deforestation, especially the clearing of forests for agriculture and urban expansion, reduces the number of trees that absorb CO₂ through photosynthesis, thereby allowing more CO₂ to accumulate in the atmosphere.

Beyond CO₂, other human endeavors also contribute significantly. Agricultural practices, such as livestock farming and the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, lead to increased emissions of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), both of which are powerful greenhouse gases. Industrial processes and the manufacturing of certain products also release synthetic fluorinated gases. The cumulative effect of these human-induced emissions has intensified the greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in global temperatures and resulting climate change.