āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ Sentence completion (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ) āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ-āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻ
āĻĒāĻļāύ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϏā§āĻā§āώā§āĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻāĻāϤāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāϏāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāϞā§:
ā§§. Conditional Sentences (āĻļāϰā§āϤāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
Sentence Completion-āĻ āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϏāĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤
First Conditional: If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite
Example: If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Second Conditional: If + Past Indefinite + Subject + would/could/might + Verb(Base form)
Example: If I had money, I would buy a car.
Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect + Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb(Past Participle/V3)
Example: If he had seen me, he would have called me.
⧍. As if / As though (āϝā§āύ)
āĻ
āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϰā§āϞ ā§§: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
āĻāĻļ Present Tense āĻšāϞā§, āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļ Past Indefinite āĻšā§āĨ¤ (Be verb āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ were āĻŦāϏā§)āĨ¤
Example: He acts as if he were a mad.
āϰā§āϞ ⧍: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ
āĻāĻļ Past Indefinite āĻšāϞā§, āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļ Past Perfect (had + V3) āĻšā§āĨ¤
Example: She spoke as though she had known everything.
ā§Š. It is time / It is high time (āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻĒāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āϏāĻŽā§)
āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāύāĻ āϤāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§âāĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āϰā§āϞ ā§§: āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻā§āύ⧠Subject āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞā§, Verb-āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ Past form (V2) āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Example: It is high time we changed our bad habits.
āϰā§āϞ ⧍: āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ Subject āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞā§, āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ to + Verb(Base form) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example: It is high time to change our bad habits.
ā§Ē. Lest (āĻĒāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§ āĻšā§ āϝ⧠/ āĻāĻ āĻā§ā§ āϝā§)
āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤāĻŋ āĻā§āĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āύ: Lest + Subject + should/might + Verb(Base form)
āϏāϤāϰā§āĻāϤāĻž: Lest āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļā§ āĻāĻāύā§āĻ 'not' āĻŦāĻž 'no' āĻŦāϏāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
Example: Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
ā§Ģ. No sooner had / Hardly had / Scarcely had
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻšāϤā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
No sooner had + Subject + V3 + ... + than + Subject + V2
Example: No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up.
Hardly / Scarcely had + Subject + V3 + ... + when/before + Subject + V2
Example: Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left.
ā§Ŧ. So...that āĻāĻŦāĻ Too...to (āĻāϤāĻ āϝā§)
So...that: Subject + Verb + so + Adjective/Adverb + that + Subject + can not / could not + Verb(Base form)
Example: The old man is so weak that he cannot walk.
Too...to: Subject + Verb + too + Adjective/Adverb + to + Verb(Base form)
Example: The old man is too weak to walk.
ā§. Parallelism (āϏāĻŽāĻāĻžāϤā§ā§ āĻāĻ āύ)
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠and, but, or āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ Conjunction āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢā§āϰā§āĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύ āĻŦāĻž Parts of speech āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻ (Parallel) āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āϞ: I like singing, dancing, and to read.
āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ: I like singing, dancing, and reading. (āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϞā§āĻ Gerund/V+ing āĻĢāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§)āĨ¤
ā§Ž. Would you mind / With a view to / Look forward to
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ 'to'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ Verb-āĻāϰ Base form āĻŦāϏāϞā§āĻ, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻĢā§āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ Verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ -ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤
āĻĢā§āϰā§āĻāĻā§āϞā§: With a view to, Look forward to, Get used to, Be used to, Would you mind, Cannot help, Could not help.
Example: Would you mind opening the door? Example: I went to the library with a view to reading books.