New vocabulary: Scold, Supportive, Create, Remove, Permit, Unlike, Instead, Seem, Likewise.

2.1 Look at the following illustration and in pairs/groups ask and answer the following questions. You can choose any option but tell the class why you choose it.

ছবিটির দিকে তাকাও / ছবিটি ভালোভাবে লক্ষ্য করো এবং দল বা জোড়ায় ভাগ হয়ে নিচের প্রশ্নগুলো একে-অপরকে জিজ্ঞাসা করো এবং উত্তর দাও। তুমি যেকোন উত্তর বেছে নিতে পারো, কিন্তু কেন তুমি সেই উত্তর বেছে নিয়েছো তা সকলকে বলো।

a. Do you like or dislike cricket? 

b. Are the players spirited or spiritless? 

c. Are the two teams friendly or unfriendly? 

d. Are the audience happy or unhappy? 

e. Are they supportive or unsupportive? 

f. Are the seats comfortable or uncomfortable? 

g. Do you agree or disagree that playing cricket is helpful for making friends? If yes, how?

2.2 Now in pairs/groups, read the note given below and divide the words into prefixes, root or root words and suffixes. Then, do pair / group checking. One is done for you.

এখন দল বা জোড়ায় জোড়ায় ভাগ হয়ে নিচের টিকাগুলো পড়ো এবং শব্দগুলোকে prefixes, root অথবা root words এবং suffixes এ ভাগ করো। এরপর, দল বা জোড়ার মাধ্যমে মূল্যায়ন করো। বোঝার সুবিধার্থে একটি শব্দ ভেঙ্গে দেখানো হলো।

Activity: Divide the words into prefixes, root or root words and suffixes. (শব্দগুলোকে prefix, root অথবা root words এবং suffixes এ ভাগ কর।)

2.3 In pairs/groups, read the passage given below and discuss what prefixes and suffixes you will add to the underlined root words to make the sentences meaningful. Note that you may need to add only prefixes or suffixes, and for some words you may need to add the both.

জোড়ায় বা দলে ভাগ হয়ে নিচের অনুচ্ছেদটি পড়ো এবং নিচে দাগ দেওয়া root words এর সাথে কোন কোন suffix এবং prefix যুক্ত করে বাক্যগুলোকে অর্থপূর্ণ করা যায় তা আলোচনা করো। প্রয়োজনে শুধু suffix বা prefix অথবা উভয়েই যুক্ত করতে হতে পারে।

                                                      Our Unique Team

I am a great fan of cricket. I am also a member of our local cricket team. Every holiday we play cricket. On a summer evening, we all were 1) enjoy our holidays by 2) watch a cricket match with a neighbouring team. We were very tense about our team's 3) perform though we had two great players, Nabil and Junayed. I still could remember the day we got Junayed as a 4) play in our team.

In the evening we were playing. When it came to Nabil's turn to bat, we got scared as he was known for his long shots. He used to bat so hard that we often ended up losing the ball.

Today was no different, Nabil hit the ball and it broke a 5) wind of the 6) near a building. All of us ran from the spot fearing that we would be given a nice scolding. But Nabil didn't move and he stood 7) proud with the bat in his hand. A few minutes later a young boy came down with the ball. He introduced himself as Junayed and gave the ball to Nabil. As Junayed turned around, Nabil said thank you to him but he didn't respond. Nabil patted his shoulder and said thank you to him once again. This time the boy read his lips and replied 8) come. He then told Nabil that he had lost his power of listening when he was young. Nabil asked him if he would like to play with them. He agreed 9) happy. Since then, he has been giving a tough 10) test to Nabil in breaking window panes with his long shots.

2.4 More to read! আরও কিছু জেনে নাও !

You have already learned about a prefix, root or root word and suffix. Also, you knew how to add prefixes or suffixes or both to the root or root words to express yourselves in a better way.

Now, let's learn some of the most commonly used prefixes and suffixes:

A. Prefixes

Write at least two words with each prefix:

(প্রত্যেকটি prefix দিয়ে কমপক্ষে দুইটি শব্দ তৈরি করো।)

B. Suffixes

Write at least two words with each suffix:

(প্রত্যেকটি suffix দিয়ে কমপক্ষে দুইটি শব্দ তৈরি করো।)

Time to check our understanding!

2.5 In pairs/groups, read the following text and fill in the gaps with words from the box. Then, share your answers with the whole class. One is done for you.

জোড়ায় বা দলে ভাগ হয়ে নিচের অনুচ্ছেদটি পড়ো এবং নিচের শব্দগুলো নিয়ে শূন্যস্থানগুলো পূরণ করো। তারপর, তোমার উত্তর শ্রেণিতে উপস্থাপন করো। বোঝার সুবিধার্থে প্রথম শূন্যস্থানটি পূরণ করে দেওয়া হয়েছে।

There are many ways of making (a) new words. One important way is using prefixes and suffixes. Prefix and suffix are (b)........ of letters added to a root or root word. A Group of letters (c) ......... at the beginning of the root words are known as prefixes. For example, 'ir' in 'irregular' (ir+regular) is a prefix that makes the root word's meaning negative. Un (unfortunate), anti (anti-climax), em (empower), dis (disqualified) etc. are some examples of (d).......... On the other hand, a group of letters added to the (e)………….. of the rood words are called suffixes. For example, 'less' in 'Helpless' (Help + less) is a suffix. Other commonly used (f)........... are ly (commonly), ion (promotion), ness (kindness), ful (hopeful). Both prefixes and suffixes change the (g)………….. of the root words differently including changing parts of speech (e.g. 'rich' is an adjective, 'enrich' is a verb), making (h)........... (e.g. real~ unreal) meaning etc. Affixation is a fun way of increasing our vocabulary, isn't it?

2.6 Work in a group of 4-6.

Write a short text (15-20 sentences) about someone (father, mother, teacher, sister, brother etc.) or something (a book, a gift, a movie, a poem, a picture etc.) that inspires you most to fulfil one of your dreams. To write your text you can use the 'Affixation Tree'. Also, you can use any roots or root words, prefixes or suffixes of your own. Later underline all the root or root words, prefixes or suffixes you used in your writing. Finally, present it to the whole class.

(তোমার স্বপ্ন পূরণে তোমাকে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে এমনকিছু যেমন: বই, উপহার, সিনেমা, কবিতা, ছবি ইত্যাদি বা এমনকাউকে যেমন: বাবা, মা, শিক্ষক, বোন, ভাই ইত্যাদি নিয়ে ১৫-২০ টি বাক্যে একটি ছোট অনুচ্ছেদ লেখো। অনুচ্ছেদটি লিখতে তুমি ’Affixation Tree' ব্যবহার করতে পারো। তুমি নিজের ইচ্ছামতো root words, prefixes or suffixes ও ব্যবহার করতে পারে। তারপর, তোমার লেখায় তুমি যেসব root or root words, prefixes or suffixes ব্যবহার করেছো তার নিচে দাগ দাও। সবশেষে, তোমার লেখাটি ক্লাসে উপস্থাপন করো।)

The picture is to get an idea of the affixation tree.

List of root words- gift, love, care, guide, model, grow, study, proper, stand, happy, luck, polite, friend, follow, grate, joy, pen, way

Prefixes: en, mis, role, en, pre, re, anti, non, un, sub, co, ex, al, im

Suffixes: s, es, sive, ful, able, al, ive, ness, ly, ing, tion, less, ed, one, ance, tice

2.7 Time to play a game! (Every pair is a group)

Choose any ten things that you possess/have from the box. Then, in pairs ask and answer the following question to check the similarities between you and your friend. Ask all ten questions. For every similarity, you will get one point. Later share your score with the class. And, appreciate the highest scorer.

(তোমাদের আছে এমন দশটি জিনিস নিচের বক্স থেকে বেছে নাও। তারপর, তোমরা জোড়ায় জোড়ায় ভাগ হয়ে, প্রশ্নগুলো একে-অপরকে জিজ্ঞেস করা এবং উত্তর দেওয়ার মাধ্যমে, তোমার আর তোমার বন্ধুর মধ্যকার মিলগুলো খুঁজে বের করো। দশটি প্রশ্নের সবগুলোই জিজ্ঞেস করতে হবে। প্রত্যেকটি মিলের জন্য তোমরা ১ পয়েন্ট করে পাবে। সবশেষে তোমাদের নম্বর ক্লাসে বলো এবং সবচেয়ে বেশি নম্বর পাওয়া দল জয়ী বলে বিবেচিত হবে।)

Question: Do you eat vegetables?

Answer: Yes, I do. Or, No, I don't. (If yes, your group will get one point)

So, we have similarities and dissimilarities among us. Likewise, in the English language, there are some words which have similar meanings and some are with opposite meanings. Let's know about them.

Let's have a look at the common synonyms and antonyms:

2.8 Now, in pairs/groups find the antonyms of words given in column A from column B and draw a line to match them. Then, check the answers with the whole class.

এখন জোড়া বা দলে ভাগ হয়ে A সারিতে দেওয়া শব্দগুলোর antonym গুলো B সারি থেকে খুঁজে বের করো এবং দাগ দিয়ে মিল করো। তারপর, তোমার উত্তরগুলো ক্লাসে বলে বাকিদের সাথে যাচাই করে নাও।

2.9 In pairs/groups, read the following text and write the antonyms of the underlined words using appropriate prefixes in the given table. Then, share your answers with the whole class. One is done for you.

দল বা জোড়ায় ভাগ হয়ে নিচের অনুচ্ছেদটি পড়ো এবং নিচে দাগ দেওয়া শব্দগুলোর সাথে উপযুক্ত prefix যুক্ত করে antonyms তৈরি করে নিচের টেবিলে লেখো। তারপর তোমার উত্তরগুলো ক্লাসে উপস্থাপন করো। বোঝার সুবিধার্থে প্রথম শব্দটির সাথে prefix যুক্ত করে antonym তৈরি করে দেওয়া হয়েছে।

                                                 Be Respectful to Others

It was a 1) happy day for Anik. What made him 2) pleased as his mother had been charging her mobile phone. After 30 minutes, she noticed the charger was 3) connected. The phone had not even been charged. "Who has disconnected the charger?" asked his mother. "This is me" Anik answered sadly, "I 4) plucked your mobile phone and added my Tab for charging. If the Tab is not charged timely, the games 5) appear!" "This is 6) fair, Anik" his mother added, "My son, don't? 7) obey the rules! I told you several times that you must ask me before doing it. Besides, an electric charger should be handled carefully." "Sorry, mom for my 8) responsible behaviour. I'll never 9) regard you." "That's okay Anik" his mother replied. Though it made him unhappy, he understood he should think about others.

2.10 Let's reflect on our learning from this unit!

এই অধ্যায় থেকে আমরা যা শিখলাম তা নিয়ে চলো কাজ করি।

From this unit, you have learned many words, their synonyms and antonyms.

Now, prepare a poster in a group of 5-6 with all the words you have learned from this unit. Then write their synonyms and antonyms. Finally, hang it on the wall for others to learn.