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Using Verbs Easily

সপ্তম শ্রেণি (মাধ্যমিক) - ইংরেজী - NCTB BOOK

New vocabulary: Refer, contaminated, Nearby, Seller, Customer, Spacious, Shelter, Inspire, Happen, Ornament.

7.1 Look at the picture below and write what the following people are doing. One is done for you.

নিচের ছবিটি দেখো এবং ছবিতে কে কী কাজ করছে তা খাতায় লেখো। একটি তোমার জন্য করে দেওয়া হলো।

PersonActivity
The young mantalking
The two women 
The little girl 
The shopkeeper 
The shop assistant 
The fruit seller 
The cleaner 
The tailor 

 

7.2 Read the note given below and discuss in groups / pairs.

জোড়ায় জোড়ায় অথবা দলগতভাবে নিচের নোটটি পড়ো এবং নিজেদের মাঝে আলোচনা করো।

Note

Let's know Principal and Auxiliary verbs.

                  A. Principal verbs are words that generally express an action or state something.

Example:

         1. To express an action

My friend helps me. Here 'help' is a verb because it refers to the action of my friend.

         2. To state something

My friends are helpful. Here 'are' is a verb because it refers to the state of my friends.

চলো Principal verb বা প্রধান ক্রিয়া এবং Auxiliary verb বা সহায়ক ক্রিয়া সম্পর্কে জানতে চেষ্টা করি।

A. Principal verb বা প্রধান ক্রিয়া হলো এমন ক্রিয়া যা সাধারণত action বা state প্রকাশ করে। উদাহরণ:

১. একটি কর্ম বা কাজ প্রকাশ করতে- My friend helps me. এখানে ‘helps’ একটি verb বা ক্রিয়া কারণ এটি My friend এর কাজকে নির্দেশ করে।

              B. Auxiliary or helping verbs:

An auxiliary verb is used in a sentence to express the tense, mood, or voice of the principal verb. It gives more meaning to the principal verb. It cannot stand alone in a sentence. The main auxiliary verbs are:

Auxiliary verb বা সহায়ক বা সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া: একটি সহায়ক ক্রিয়া একটি বাক্যে প্রধান ক্রিয়ার tense, mood, বা voice প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এটি প্রধান ক্রিয়াকে more meaning দেয়। এটি একটি বাক্যে একা বা স্বাধনভাবে বসতে পারে না। Auxiliary verb বা সহায়ক ক্রিয়ার উদাহরণ হল:

1. To do: do, does, did

2. To be: am, is, are, was, were being, been

3. To have: have, has, had, having

 

7.3 Look at the picture again and make sentences using the following clues. Then write whether the verbs express an action or a state. One on each is done as an example.

ছবিটি আবার দেখো এবং তা থেকে বাক্য রচনা করো। এরপর ক্রিয়াপদটি কোন কাজ অথবা অবস্থা বোঝাচ্ছে তা লেখো। উদাহরণস্বরূপ একটি করে দেওয়া হলো।

CluesSentencesExpressing actions/ states
The man in the cloth store, buyThe man is buying a dress.action (because the verb tells what the person is doing)
The two women in the jewelley shop, choose  
The little girl, eat a banana  
The open space in the market, spaciousThe market is spacious.state (because the verb indicates how the market is)
The cleaner, clean  
The security guard, check  
The washroom, clean  

 

7.4 In pairs/groups, see the examples first in the box below. Then, discuss and write how auxiliary verbs are helping the principal verbs in the sentences that follow.

দলগতভাবে অথবা জোড়ায় জোড়ায় প্রথম বক্সের উদাহরণগুলো পড়ো। এবার কীভাবে সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়াপদ মূল ক্রিয়াপদকে বাক্যে সাহায্য করছে তা নিয়ে আলোচনা করো ও লেখো।

Examples for your help:

• I do not drink contaminated water. (To make negatives) 

• Have you drunk enough water? (To make a question) 

• My friend from Cameroon was drinking bottled water. (To indicate an action happening in the past)

 

1. Do you watch a cricket match on television? _____.

2. I do not like to wait for a long time. _____.

3. My friend is helping me to clean the classroom. _____. 

4. I did not call you last night. ____.

5. Didn't (did not) you attend the last class? ____.

 

7.5 Read the text. Then, write in pairs/groups how different underlined actions (verbs) are done. One is done for you.

অনুচ্ছেদটি পড়ো। এরপর কীভাবে দাগ দেওয়া শব্দগুলো আলাদা অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে তা লেখো। একটি তোমাদের জন্য করে দেওয়া হলো।

Hi, friends!

I'm Rumela. Sometimes I visit the nearby market with my parents. Last Friday, I went to the market to buy some books and food items. There, I saw different people doing different activities. A young man was talking to the shopkeeper gently. And the shopkeeper was helping the young man to choose a shirt. I saw that the two middle-aged women were talking seriously to each other. The shop assistant was very busy and she was showing the customers different ornaments patiently. A little girl, standing beside her mother was eating a banana gladly. A cleaner was sweeping the road hastily/neatly. One of the security guards was checking seriously whether everyone wore the masks or not. And when I went to the girl's washroom, I saw the cleaner asking everyone gently to use the washroom properly. All of this helps me to learn how to talk with different people and also inspires me to be gentle and patient.

Verbsdegree/ extent/manners of the verbs
1. Talking (How was the young man talking?)gently
2. Showing (How was the shop assistant showing the customers?) 
3. Eating (How was the little girl eating the banana?) 
4. Sweeping (How was the cleaner sweeping the road?) 
5. Checking (How was the security guard checking everyone?) 
6. Asking (How was the cleaner asking everyone?) 

Note

An adverb is a part of speech. It describes a verb (e.g., love dearly), an adjective (e.g. Very intelligent), or another adverb (e.g., greets very cordially). Adverbs often end in -ly, but some adverbs look exactly the same as their adjective forms (e.g., work hard).

Adverb বা ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ part of speech বা পদের একটি অংশ। এটি ক্রিয়াকে ব্যাখ্যা বা বর্ণনা করে (যেমন, love dearly), বিশেষণকে ব্যাখ্যা বা বর্ণনা করে (যেমন, Very intelligent), বা অন্য ক্রিয়া বিশেষণকে ব্যাখ্যা বা বর্ণনা করে (যেমন, greets very cordially)। adverb প্রায়শই - ly তে শেষ হয়। কিন্তু কিছু কিছু adverbs দেখতে শব্দটির adjective ফর্মের মতো হুবহু হয়(যেমন, work hard)

 

7.6 Read the following situations and write appropriate adverbs in the blanks.

নিচের ঘটনাগুলো পড়ো এবং যথোপযুক্ত adverbs ব্যবহার করে বাক্যগুলো সম্পূর্ণ করো।

A clean place is a safe place

Cleanliness is very important for all of us. We must keep ourselves and our surroundings clean. If we clean our surroundings, others will follow us and we will have a safe and healthy life.

So, let's clean our surroundings……………………………

 

Stop, look and cross the road

In cities especially in big cities, it's very risky to cross a road. While crossing the roads, don't run. Never use a mobile phone when you are crossing a road. Only cross a road on the zebra crossing or through a flyover.

So, let's cross a road……………………..

 

Save our best friends

Trees are useful for us in many ways. Also, trees are homes for several birds and animals. They provide shelter to them. In other words, trees fulfil the role of a best friend in every human being's life.

 

Technological challenges

Nowadays we all use so many devices like smartphones and tablets, desktops, laptops, and different gaming devices. They help us in many ways but if you overuse these devices, it will create problems and risks for you. Overuse of technology is very harmful to health. Besides, it will keep you not only away from your friends and family but also your study.

So, let's use devices..…………….

 

Two heads are better than one

You can't do alone some of the best things in your life. You can't play some of the most exciting games like cricket or football alone. Working in a team helps make friendships. In a team, we can learn and support each other.

So, let's support.....…………

 

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