He went to the hospital after ________ on the head with a bottle.

The correct complete sentence is:  "He went to the hospital after being hit on the head with a bottle."

Explanation:

"receive a hit": This phrase is grammatically incorrect in this context.

"hitting": This implies that he himself was hitting, which doesn't fit the context.

"hit": This could work in informal contexts, but it lacks clarity about who performed the action.

"being hit": This clearly indicates that he was the recipient of the action, making it the most appropriate choice.

Therefore, "being hit" is the correct and most precise option to complete the sentence.