Read the passage below and answer the questions:
Present-day climate change includes both global warming-the ongoing increase in global average temperature-and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change is no longer a distant threat; it is a palpable reality that is deepening global inequalities. Its impacts from intensified heatwaves and erratic monsoon patterns to rising sea levels disproportionately affect developing nations and the most vulnerable communities within developed ones, even though these groups have historically contributed the least to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This fundamental imbalance has elevated the discussion of climate justice to the forefront of international policy. Adaptation is crucial, referring to the adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects. For developing countries, adaptation is often a matter of survival-building resilient infrastructure, developing drought-resistant crops, and establishing early warning systems for extreme weather events. However, funding for these efforts remains woefully inadequate. The gap between the adaptation needs of poor nations and the financial resources provided by richer nations is referred to as the adaptation finance gap Furthermore, global cooperation under frameworks like the Paris Agreement emphasizes mitigation (reducing emissions) alongside adaptation. Yet, the current pace of climate finance distribution is slow, bureaucratic, and often skewed toward large-scale, high-visibility projects rather than grassroots initiatives. True climate justice requires a holistic approach that acknowledges the historical debt owed to vulnerable nations and prioritizes local-level adaptive capacity over complex, top-down implementation plans. Addressing this requires not just more money, but a fundamental shift in how global resources are allocated and governed owed to vulnerable nations and prioritizes local-level adaptive capacity over complex, top-down implementation plans. Addressing this requires not just more money, but a fundamental shift in how global resources are allocated and governed.
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