A high traffic web application suddenly begins failing with database connection timeouts under peak load. At the same time, the underlying Linux OS kernel hosting the database reports "too many open files" error and network socket exhaustion.

Explain the root cause of this failure at the linux os kernel level.

A corporate network pool experience IP exhaustion due to a high volume of transient guest devices. What lease duration parameter adjustment resolves this?

A satellite link has a one way propagation delay of 250 ms and a transmission rate 1 Mbps. Frame size 1000 bytes, calculate utilization efficiency if stop-and-wait protocol is used what is minimum window size required to achieve 100% efficiency.

A core router receives a packet with destination IP address 192.168.20.45. 20.45.

The router's forwarding table contains the following overlapping routes:

1. 168.0.0/16
2. 168.16.0/20
3. 168.20.0/22
4. 168.20.32/28

Identify the exact routing interface the use to forward this packet.

A net link utilize 16QAM. If the unerlying signal system operates at bound rate 2400 Baud. Calculate exact Corresponding throughput in bps(bits per second)?