Verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে তা যদি একইসাথে verb এবং noun-এর কাজ করে তবে তাকে gerund বলে ।
For example-
Reading is an excellent habit.
Gerund/Noun একটি বাক্যে পাঁচটি অবস্থানে বসে:
1. Sentence এর subject হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking is called the best exercise.
2.Sentence এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
It has stopped raining.
3.Preposition এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
The customers grew tired of waiting.
Be is fond of riding bicycle.
There is no credit in earning money illegally.
4.Complement হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Seeing is believing.
His profession is teaching.
My favorite activity is riding bicycle.
5.Compound noun হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking stick has been lost.
Taking exercise is a good habit.
Making tea can be your earning source.
Gerund হলো verb-এর একটি Non-finite রূপ যা verb-এর Base form-এর সাথে 'ing' যুক্ত হয়ে গঠিত হয় এবং একই সাথে verb ও Noun-এর কাজ করে। যেহেতু এটি Noun-এর মতো কাজ করে, একে অনেক সময় 'Verbal Noun' বলা হয়।
১. গঠন (Formation):
Structure: Base form of verb + ing.
Example: Reading, Swimming, Walking, Writing.
২. ব্যবহারের ক্ষেত্রসমূহ:
ক) বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে:
Noun-এর মতো এটি বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে কাজ বা বিষয়ের নাম বোঝায়।
Example:Reading is my hobby.
Example:Smoking is injurious to health.
খ) বাক্যের Object হিসেবে:
Transitive verb-এর পরে বসে এটি কাজের নাম প্রকাশ করে।
Example: I enjoy swimming.
Example: Stop writing now.
গ) Preposition-এর Object হিসেবে:
যেকোনো Preposition (of, for, by, without, in, at) এর পরে verb থাকলে তা সাধারণত Gerund হয়।
Example: He is fond of drawing.
Example: You cannot pass without working hard.
ঘ) Complement হিসেবে:
Linking verb-এর পরে বসে বাক্যের অর্থ পূর্ণ করে।
Example: Seeing is believing.
Example: My favorite hobby is gardening.
ঙ) Compound Noun হিসেবে:
যখন কোনো বস্তুর ব্যবহারের উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Noun-এর সাথে বসে।
Example: A walking stick (A stick for walking).
Example: A frying pan (A pan for frying).
৩. বিশেষ কিছু Phrase-এর পর Gerund:
কিছু নির্দিষ্ট Phrase বা Expression-এর পর সবসময় Gerund বসে:
শব্দগুলো: Look forward to, With a view to, Get used to, Be used to, Cannot help, Could not help, Would you mind.
উত্তরঃ
The basket containing ten apples was made of cane.
This sentence requires correction based on the principle of subject-verb agreement.
The main subject of the sentence is "The basket," which is a singular noun. The phrase "containing ten apples" is a participial phrase acting as an adjective, modifying "basket." It does not alter the number (singularity or plurality) of the main subject.
Since the subject "basket" is singular, the verb must also be singular. The original sentence used "were," which is a plural verb. It should be replaced with the singular past tense verb "was" to agree with the singular subject.
উত্তরঃ
No fewer than one thousand people attended the meeting.
The original sentence contains a common grammatical error related to the use of 'less' and 'fewer'.
Fewer: Used for countable nouns (items that can be counted individually), such as 'people', 'books', 'cars', 'students'.
Less: Used for uncountable nouns (mass nouns or abstract concepts that cannot be counted individually), such as 'water', 'time', 'money', 'information', 'sand'. It can also be used for singular countable nouns when referring to quantity or degree rather than individual units (e.g., "less than a mile").
In the given sentence, 'people' is a countable plural noun. Therefore, the correct comparative adjective to indicate a smaller quantity is 'fewer'. The phrase 'no fewer than' correctly implies that the number of people was at least one thousand, emphasizing the large quantity of countable items.