1. Definition: SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is a system of software and hardware elements that allows industrial organizations to control processes locally or at remote locations, and collect, monitor, and process real-time data.
2. Key Components of a SCADA System
   • Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
   • Supervisory System (Master Station)
   • Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) / Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs):
   • Communication Infrastructure
3. Key Functions of SCADA
   • Data Acquisition
   • Data Communication
   • Data Presentation
   • Control

Cross-sectional area of conductor

=3.225 cm²

Vartical Sag = 2.35 m

Weight of conductor per meter meter run = 1.125 kg/m

Wind pressure per meter run, $W_w$ = 1.5kg / m

Breeaking strss=2540kg/cm²

L = 214m

$W_t=\sqrt{W^2+W_W^2}$

$=\sqrt{1.{125}^2+1.5^2}$ = 1.875kg

যদি f সেফটি ফ্যাক্টর হয়, তাহলে, ওয়ার্কিং টেনশন

$T=\frac{Breaking stress \times conductor area}{safety factor}$

$=\frac{2540 \times 3.225}{f}$

$Cos\theta =\frac{1.125}{1.875}=0.6$

Slant Sag, $S=\frac{Vertical Sag}{Cos \theta }=\frac{2.35}{0.6}=3.92 m$

We know,

$Sag=\frac{W_t{I}^2}{8T}$

$=\frac{1.875\times {214}^2}{8\times 3.92}$

= 2738 kg

Safety factor, $f=\frac{Breaking stress}{Working stress}=\frac{8191}{2738}$ = 3 Ans.