Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
Training the mind can get us to a place of flow more quickly. Meditation is one way to exercise our mental muscles. There are many types of meditation, but they all have the same objective: calming the mind, observing our thoughts and emotions, and centering our focus on a single object. The basic practice involves sitting with a straight back and focusing on your breath. Anyone can do it, and you feel a difference after just one session. By fixing your attention on the air moving in and out of your nose, you can slow the torrent of thoughts and clear your mental horizons. If we want to get better at reaching a state of flow, meditation is an excellent antidote to our smartphones and their notifications constantly clamoring for our attention. One of the most common mistakes among people starting to meditate is worrying about doing it 'right,' achieving absolute mental silence, or reaching 'nirvana. The most important thing is to focus on the journey. Since the mind is a constant swirl of thoughts, ideas, and emotions, slowing down the 'centrifuge even for just a few seconds-can help us feel more rested and leave us with a sense of clarity. In fact, one of the things we learn in the practice of meditation is not to worry about anything that flits across our mental screen. The idea of killing our boss might flash Into our mind, but we simply label it as a thought and let it pass like a cloud, without judging or rejecting it. It is only a thought one of the sixty thousand we have every day, according to some experts. Meditation generates alpha and theta brain waves. For those experienced in meditation, these waves appear right away, while it might take a half hour for a beginner to experience them. These relaxing brain waves are the ones that are activated right before we fall asleep, as we lie in the sun, or right after taking a hot bath.

We all carry a spa with us everywhere we go. It's just a matter of knowing how to get in-something anyone can do, with a bit of practice.

উত্তরঃ

Most rivers in our country are in a deplorable condition, with many being polluted, dying, or already dead.

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The passage highlights that the rivers in Bangladesh are generally "not in good shape," with several already succumbing to death and others in critical condition. This severe degradation is primarily due to extensive pollution, as exemplified by the Buriganga River. The text points out that huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from various sources such as mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, and households are regularly dumped into the rivers. Specifically, Dhaka city contributes significantly to this pollution by discharging thousands of tons of solid waste and highly toxic tannery waste into the Buriganga daily, transforming it into a dying river characterized by polluted water and a persistent foul smell. This indicates a dire environmental crisis impacting the country's crucial river systems.

উত্তরঃ

The river Buriganga held significant commercial value as it played a crucial role in supporting trade and commerce, particularly during the time when the Mughals founded Jahangirnagar (Dhaka) on its banks.

Historically, the river served as a vital waterway, enabling the transport of goods and people. Its navigability facilitated commercial activities, allowing merchants to move products to and from the region, which was instrumental in establishing Jahangirnagar as a thriving economic center.

উত্তরঃ

The Buriganga is described as a dying river primarily due to severe pollution that has drastically degraded its water quality and ecological health. Its once glorious state has been completely reversed by rampant human activities.

According to the provided passage, the river's water is heavily polluted, and a constant foul smell permeates the air around it. This decline is attributed to the daily dumping of massive quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from various sources. These include mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments located in and around Dhaka.

More specifically, the city of Dhaka alone discharges about 4500 tons of solid waste into the Buriganga daily. Furthermore, the Department of the Environment (DOE) reports that 20,000 tons of highly toxic tannery waste are released into the river every day. Experts have identified nine major industrial areas, such as Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal, as primary contributors to this catastrophic pollution, effectively sucking the life out of the river that once supported the capital.

উত্তরঃ The Buriganga is polluted by huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments, along with solid waste from Dhaka city and vast amounts of tannery waste.

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The Buriganga River is severely polluted by a multitude of sources, as detailed in the passage. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and various wastes are dumped into the river daily from mills, factories, hospitals, clinics, households, and other establishments. The city of Dhaka plays a significant role in this pollution by discharging approximately 4500 tons of solid waste into the river every day. Moreover, the Department of the Environment (DOE) reports that a staggering 20,000 tons of tannery waste, which includes highly toxic materials, are released into the river daily. Experts have identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city—Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone, and Ghorashal—as the primary contributors to this extensive river pollution, gradually "sucking life out of it."

উত্তরঃ

The Mughals marvelled at the tide level of the Buriganga. As an outcome, they founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610.

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The Mughals, known for their strategic acumen, were highly impressed by the consistent and significant tide level of the Buriganga River. This natural phenomenon was vital for several reasons: it facilitated easy navigation for large boats, which was crucial for trade and commerce, and it also offered a natural defense mechanism. Recognizing these immense benefits, the Mughals chose the banks of the Buriganga to establish their new capital, Jahangirnagar, in 1610. This strategic decision leveraged the river's resources for transportation, drinking water, and economic activities, contributing significantly to the city's growth and prosperity, eventually leading to its renaming as Dhaka and its development into a heavily populated metropolis.

উত্তরঃ

This input represents one sentence (i) from a 'Rearrange the sentences' type question in English 1st Paper, designed for HSC level students.

The overall task for the student would be to order this sentence along with other provided sentences (not included in this specific input) to create a coherent paragraph.