Read the text below and answer the questions that follow:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) epitomizes a transformative leap in technological paradigms, delineating systems or machines imbued with the faculty to emulate human cognitive processes such as learning, reasoning and problem-solving. This intricate domain amalgamates algorithms, voluminous data and computational dexterity to undertake tasks historically reliant on human intellect. Its ubiquitous influence permeates industries, reconfiguring economic frameworks and societal dynamics, thus warranting a comprehensive appraisal of its merits and demerits.

The historical trajectory of Al commenced in the mid-20th century with seminal contributions from Alan Turing, who conceptualized machines intelligence via the "Turing Test". The discipline gained momentum at the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, where John McCarthy christened it "Artificial Intelligence". Process was intermittent, constrained by technological limitations, until the proliferation of advanced hardware and expansive datasets in the 21st century revitalized Al research.

Several luminaries and corporations have catalyzed Al's evolution. Google harnessed its data troves to pioneer machine learning, while open AI, initiated by Elon Musk and Sam Altman, redefined natural language processing with ChatGPT. DeepMind, led by Demis Hassabis, showcased Al's progress with AlphaGO's triumph over human Go champions illustrating its strategic sophistication. These endeavours have significantly augmented Al's global prominence. In daily existence, AI chatbots have become indispensable conduits, particularly in education and research. Tools like ChatGPT, Grok and Bard provide real-time education of intricate subjects and aid in synthesizing extensive data sets for academic inquiries. Students leverage these platforms to enhance learning, while researchers utilize them to expedite literature reviews and hypothesis formulation.

Al's utility extends beyond academia into scientific research. It accelerates drug discovery by simulating molecular interactions, refines climate models for precise environmental forecasting, and enhances astronomical analyses through pattern recognition. These applications underscore Al's pivotal role in addressing humanity's most formidable challenges.

However, Al's ascendancy precipitates concerns. Over-reliance on automated solutions may attenuate human creativity, as individuals might eschew original ideation. Additionally, job displacement in sectors like manufacturing and customer service threatens socio-economic stability, potentially widening income disparities.

prospect of existential perils intensifies with Al's unchecked proliferation. Scholars and ethicists ponder whether super intelligent systems could evade human control, posing catastrophic risks. This debate accentuates the urgency of instituting regulatory mechanisms to align Al with ethical imperatives and safeguard human interests. Moreover, the psychological impact on society cannot be overlooked. As AI assumes roles traditionally held by humans, it may engender a sense of obsolescence among workers, necessitating robust re-skilling initiatives to mitigate alienation and foster adaptability in technology-driven milieu.

Cultural ramifications also emerge as Al integrates into global societies. It risks homogenizing diverse cultural expressions by prioritizing standardized algorithms, potentially eroding linguistic and artistic heritage. Policy makers must therefore advocate for culturally sensitive Al development to preserve societal diversity.

In conclusion, Al's dichotomous nature-bestowing prodigious benefits alongside substantial challenges demands sagacious deployment. Its capacity to bolster productivity and scientific progress can be harnessed for human advancement if underpinned by ethical governance and equitable dissemination. Through synergistic efforts between technologists and policy makers, Al can be steered to augment rather than undermine human potential.

Answer the following questions in your own words. Copying from the above text may affect your marks.

Write the contextual meaning of the following words and phrases in English.

(Words are underlined in the text.)

Updated: 6 months ago
উত্তরঃ

To be a perfect example of; to represent or embody something completely.


The word "epitomize" means to serve as a typical or perfect example of something. It is often used to describe a person, object, or concept that perfectly embodies a particular quality, characteristic, or type. For instance, a CEO might epitomize visionary leadership, or a specific artwork might epitomize the minimalist movement. Understanding such words is crucial for precise communication in professional settings, allowing for nuanced expression in reports, presentations, and discussions.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ An environment or setting where technology is the primary force shaping activities, interactions, and structures.

The term "technology-driven milieu" describes an atmosphere or surrounding context (milieu) that is predominantly influenced and propelled by technological advancements. In such an environment, technology is not just a tool but a fundamental determinant of how work is done, how communication flows, how businesses operate, and how social interactions occur. For professionals and job seekers, this implies a necessity to adapt to rapid technological changes, acquire new digital skills, and understand the impact of innovations on their respective industries and roles.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ

A pervasive and widely felt impact.


The term "ubiquitous" signifies something that is present, appearing, or found everywhere. It implies a sense of omnipresence or being constantly encountered. "Influence" refers to the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.

Therefore, "ubiquitous influence" describes an impact or effect that is pervasive, far-reaching, and constantly felt across a wide range of areas or by many individuals. It suggests that the power or sway of something is universal and difficult to escape. For instance, in the professional world, one might refer to "the ubiquitous influence of digital transformation on business strategies," indicating that digital changes are impacting every aspect of modern business.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ

A formal evaluation or assessment of an employee's performance.


In a professional setting, an appraisal (often referred to as performance appraisal or performance review) is a systematic and periodic evaluation of an individual's job performance and overall contribution to an organization. It typically involves a supervisor assessing an employee's strengths, weaknesses, achievements, and areas for improvement. The primary goals of an appraisal are to provide constructive feedback, identify training and development needs, set future performance goals, and often serve as a basis for salary adjustments, promotions, or career planning. It's a critical tool for both employee development and organizational effectiveness.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ Occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady.

The term "intermittent" describes something that happens or occurs periodically, with breaks or pauses between occurrences, rather than being constant or continuous. It implies a lack of regularity or steadiness in its appearance or action.

For instance, intermittent pain refers to pain that comes and goes, rather than being constant. In a work environment, intermittent tasks are those that are performed with breaks in between, not in a continuous flow. Understanding this word is important for precise communication in various professional and technical contexts.

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উত্তরঃ

Controlled; utilized; put to use


The term "harnessed" refers to the act of gaining control over a resource, power, or energy, and then directing or utilizing it effectively for a specific purpose. Its literal origin relates to putting a harness on an animal, such as a horse, to control its movements and make it perform work. In a broader and more common contextual sense, especially in academic or professional settings, it signifies the process of managing and exploiting something powerful for productive outcomes. For instance, "harnessed the wind for electricity" means they controlled and used the wind's power to generate electricity. It implies thoughtful management and strategic deployment of capabilities or assets.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ Essential channels or means of transmission.

The phrase "indispensable conduits" combines two words to convey a specific meaning. "Indispensable" means absolutely necessary, essential, or crucial; something that cannot be done without. "Conduits" refers to channels, pipes, or other means by which something is conveyed or transmitted. In a figurative or organizational context, it can mean a person, system, or pathway that transmits information, resources, or ideas.

Therefore, "indispensable conduits" contextually means crucial or absolutely essential channels, pathways, or agents through which something vital (such as information, resources, communication, or influence) is transmitted, circulated, or exchanged. For instance, in a business or political context, key communication platforms or influential individuals might be described as indispensable conduits for information flow or decision-making.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ The feeling or perception of becoming outdated, no longer useful, or irrelevant.

The phrase "a sense of obsolescence" refers to the subjective feeling or awareness that something, or more commonly, oneself, is becoming outdated, irrelevant, or no longer necessary, often due to the emergence of newer, more advanced, or more efficient alternatives. In a professional context, this feeling can arise when an individual perceives their skills, knowledge, or experience as becoming less valuable in the face of rapid technological advancements or evolving industry standards.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ

Wise and insightful, demonstrating keen judgment.


The word sagacious describes someone who possesses profound wisdom and acute mental discernment, allowing them to make excellent judgments and understand complex situations deeply. It implies a sharp intellect and the ability to think critically and practically, often beyond superficial appearances. A sagacious person is typically perceptive, astute, and prudent, making decisions based on careful consideration and experience rather than impulse. This quality is highly valued in leadership and problem-solving roles.

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2 weeks ago
উত্তরঃ

Cooperative or combined actions that produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual efforts.


Synergistic efforts refer to instances where the combined actions of two or more entities produce an outcome that is greater than what they could have achieved individually. In a professional context, this often relates to teamwork, collaboration, and cross-functional cooperation. The concept is based on the principle that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. For example, when different departments or team members pool their unique skills, knowledge, and resources, they can solve complex problems more effectively, innovate faster, and achieve organizational goals with superior results compared to working in isolation.

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2 weeks ago
97

Phrase 

দুই বা ততোধিক শব্দ মিলে যদি একটি Parts of Speech-এর মতো কাজ করে তবে তাকে Phrase বা শব্দগুচ্ছ বলে। Phrase-এ সাধারণত কোনো Finite verb থাকে না ।

Kinds of Phrases : অর্থ, কাজ ও অবস্থানভেদে Phrase কয়েক প্রকারের হয়ে থাকে । 


1) Noun Phrase

2) Adjective Phrase

3) Adverbial Phrase

4) Prepositional Phrase

5) Conjunctional Phrase

6) Interjectional Phrase

7) Participle Phrase

8) Infinitive Phrase

9) Verbal Phrase

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Despite all their efforts, the team unfortunately fell short of their fundraising goal for the charity event.


The phrase "fall short of" is an idiomatic expression that means to fail to reach an expected or required standard or level, or to be insufficient in amount or quality. It often implies a discrepancy between an aspiration or target and the actual outcome. In a professional context, this phrase is commonly used to describe situations where performance, results, or resources do not meet predefined objectives or expectations. For example, a project might "fall short of its deadline," or a candidate's qualifications might "fall short of the job requirements."

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উত্তরঃ The government employed widespread propaganda to sway public opinion in favor of the controversial new law.

Propaganda is information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. It often involves a systematic effort to influence public opinion or behavior through various communication channels, sometimes distorting facts or appealing to emotions rather than logic. Understanding the meaning and usage of such words is essential for effective communication and critical analysis in professional and academic contexts.

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The newspaper decided not to give credence to the unsubstantiated rumors.


The phrase "give credence to" means to believe or accept something as true. It implies that one is lending belief, authority, or credibility to a statement, idea, or person. For instance, if a report is well-researched and supported by facts, one might "give credence to" its findings. Conversely, if information is vague or lacks evidence, one might refuse to give it credence. Understanding such idiomatic expressions is crucial for precise communication in professional environments, for interpreting formal texts, and for demonstrating strong English language proficiency relevant for job seekers.

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The audience's derisive comments about the new policy highlighted their strong disapproval.


The word "derisive" is an adjective that describes something expressing contempt or ridicule. It comes from the verb "deride," meaning to express contempt for; ridicule. Common synonyms include mocking, scoffing, taunting, jeering, and sneering. It implies an attitude of disdain or scorn, often conveyed through laughter, comments, or gestures intended to show someone or something is unworthy of serious consideration or respect. Understanding such nuanced vocabulary is crucial for effective communication in professional settings, both in comprehending complex texts and articulating one's own thoughts precisely.

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উত্তরঃ The politician was accused of being a demagogue, manipulating public emotions with empty promises.

A demagogue is a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument. Such individuals often employ emotionally charged rhetoric, make extravagant promises, and exploit societal divisions or fears to gain and maintain power. The term carries a negative connotation, implying that the leader is more interested in personal gain or power than in the welfare of the public they claim to represent.

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The new software helps us complete our reports faster with fewer mistakes.


The phrase "faster with" combines the comparative adverb "faster" (indicating increased speed) and the preposition "with" (introducing an accompanying element or circumstance). This construction is commonly used to describe how a task, process, or activity can be accomplished more quickly by employing a specific tool, method, or resource. For example, one might perform tasks "faster with" new technology, a clearer strategy, or additional support. It highlights the efficiency gained through a particular aid or condition.

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উত্তরঃ The child's face began to glow with happiness as she opened her birthday gift.
The phrase "glow with" signifies to shine brightly or intensely with a particular emotion, quality, or light. It indicates a visible and often radiant manifestation of an internal feeling or an external source. For instance, a person might "glow with pride" after accomplishing a challenging task, or a room might "glow with candlelight." Mastering the nuanced usage of such phrases enhances precision and expressiveness in both written and spoken English, which is valuable in professional communication.
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The baker allowed the dough to ferment overnight for a richer flavor.


The word "ferment" is a versatile term that primarily functions as a verb, but can also be used as a noun. As a verb, it describes a chemical process where microorganisms (like yeast or bacteria) break down substances, typically carbohydrates, into simpler ones, often producing alcohol, acids, or gases. This biological process is crucial in the production of alcoholic beverages, bread, and certain dairy products like cheese and yogurt.

Figuratively, "ferment" can also mean to stir up or incite (e.g., trouble, disorder, or strong emotions), or to be in a state of agitation, unrest, or intense activity. For example, "The new policy began to ferment widespread discontent among the populace." As a noun, "ferment" refers to a state of agitation or unrest, or an enzyme or yeast that causes fermentation.

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উত্তরঃ It is customary for graduates to wear gowns and caps at the commencement ceremony.
The word "customary" is an adjective that means "according to the customs or usual practices associated with a particular society, place, or set of circumstances." It implies something is conventional, traditional, or a routine practice. In a professional context, understanding customary practices is crucial for adapting to new work environments, understanding workplace culture, and communicating effectively. For example, it might be customary to address superiors by their titles, or customary to send a follow-up email after a meeting.
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It was apparent to everyone that he was lying.


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Common synonyms for apparent include: obvious, evident, clear, manifest, plain, visible, seeming (when implying a superficial appearance). Understanding such words is crucial for precise communication in professional settings.

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উত্তরঃ The old bridge was built to withstand heavy traffic and harsh weather conditions.

The verb "withstand" means to remain strong or undamaged despite pressure, force, or a difficult condition. It implies resilience and the ability to endure without giving in or breaking down. For example, a material might be designed to withstand extreme temperatures, or an individual might need to withstand a period of intense stress. The past tense and past participle of "withstand" are "withstood."

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উত্তরঃ

With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে; অভিপ্রায়ে) = Mili came to Manikgonj with a view to visiting a new place.

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In a body (দলবদ্ধ হয়ে) = All the students came out In a body.

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শিক্ষকদের জন্য বিশেষভাবে তৈরি

১ ক্লিকে প্রশ্ন, শীট, সাজেশন
অনলাইন পরীক্ষা তৈরির সফটওয়্যার!

শুধু প্রশ্ন সিলেক্ট করুন — প্রশ্নপত্র অটোমেটিক তৈরি!

প্রশ্ন এডিট করা যাবে
জলছাপ দেয়া যাবে
ঠিকানা যুক্ত করা যাবে
Logo, Motto যুক্ত হবে
অটো প্রতিষ্ঠানের নাম
অটো সময়, পূর্ণমান
প্রশ্ন এডিট করা যাবে
জলছাপ দেয়া যাবে
ঠিকানা যুক্ত করা যাবে
Logo, Motto যুক্ত হবে
অটো প্রতিষ্ঠানের নাম
অটো সময়, পূর্ণমান
অটো নির্দেশনা (এডিটযোগ্য)
অটো বিষয় ও অধ্যায়
OMR সংযুক্ত করা যাবে
ফন্ট, কলাম, ডিভাইডার
প্রশ্ন/অপশন স্টাইল পরিবর্তন
সেট কোড, বিষয় কোড
অটো নির্দেশনা (এডিটযোগ্য)
অটো বিষয় ও অধ্যায়
OMR সংযুক্ত করা যাবে
ফন্ট, কলাম, ডিভাইডার
প্রশ্ন/অপশন স্টাইল পরিবর্তন
সেট কোড, বিষয় কোড
এখনই শুরু করুন ডেমো দেখুন
৫০,০০০+
শিক্ষক
৩০ লক্ষ+
প্রশ্নপত্র
মাত্র ১৫ পয়সায় প্রশ্নপত্র
১ ক্লিকে প্রশ্ন, শীট, সাজেশন তৈরি করুন আজই

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