An alloy is a substance that is formed by combining a metal with other metals, or nonmetals. For example, brass is an alloy of the metals copper and zinc, and steel is alloy of the metal iron with the nonmetal carbon. The special characteristics of metals, such as hardness, strength, flexibility, and weight are called its properties. By the process of alloying it is possible to create materials with the exact combinations of properties for particular use.

In the aircraft industry, there is a need for metals that are both strong and light. Steel is strong but too heavy, whereas aluminum is light but not strong. By mixing aluminum with copper and other metals, an alloy is created that is strong to withstand the stresses of flight, but light enough to reduce the cost of fuel to lift the aircraft.

There is an important difference between the alloys created by us and the combination of metals that occur accidentally as impure metals.. Both are mixtures, but alloys are mixtures that have been deliberately combined in specific proportions for definite purpose.

There is a misconception that people who belong to Oriental culture are inferior to those who belong to Occidental one. Academically, Asian students are outperforming their Americans counterparts at all levels. However, as adults, we are discovering ourselves falling short in the area of creativity and the ability to influence others, and the successful people are those who know how to exert influence on others. This is an area that is emphasized in a Western upbringing in the West, children are oriented to question authority by asking why, something which is not encouraged in Asian culture. At the same time, I think that the Western emphasis on creativity may have gone too far. On the other hand, in Asia there is too much stress on rote learning and drilling. It is found that Asian students in law school have trouble coming up with creative ideas. Ideally, we should take the best from both worlds.

Capitalism is developed in the European countries as a result of their 'laissez-faire' policy. The idea of global trade which was inherent in capitalism has now become universalized. Taking advantage of the idea of globalization, capitalism seems to be on a triumphant march. However, it is creating more opportunities for capitalist countries than the developing ones. In the name of assistance and cooperation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting the cheap labor available in poorer countries. The global strategy of development promises greater employment opportunities to the people of poor countries but at the same time it also promises high returns to capital. This actually paves the way for lasting poverty which enables the capitalists to continue to have a pool of cheap labor to draw from.

Modern supermarkets, which are gradually replacing traditional grocery shops in Bangladesh, have been growing at 15 percent a year since 2014, The factors that have led to the rise of the supermarkets include changing consumer behavior, the growth of e-commerce, advancement of technology, and consciousness about quality products. To these can also be added the ease and advantage of choice shoppers find in supermarket chains. Population growth, increased urbanization, and rising income have been driving the growth of consumerism in the country. However, despite the growth of modern supermarkets, traditional grocery trade still remains dominant.

Students, this evening we'll have a chance to observe a phenomenon that we've discussed weveral times in class Tonight will be a lunar eclipse. As we've said, when an eclipse of the Moon occurs, the Earth passes between th Sun and the Moon. Therfore, the shadow of the Earth moves across the surface of the Moon and obscures it. Because you won't be looking at the Sun, it is not necessary to use the special lenses and filters that you need when observing a solar eclipse. You can observe lunar eclipse with your unaided eye or with a telescope and phonograph it with an ordinary camera. So if the weather's not cloudy go out and take a look at this eclipse of the Moon. I'm sure you'll find it interesting.

Today there are nearly 8 billion people living in the world and every the number is increasing. Feeding their fast-growing populations is one of biggest challenges for most countries in Africa and Asia. Scientists, agricultural experts, and planners have discover new ways to produce more food. One possible way is to bring more land under cultivation, This can be done only in places where there is a lot of land not used for agriculture, In many countries, however, arable land is scarce and whatever is available is needed for other purposes _ for example, expanding cities and setting up industries. A second way is to make use of new types of seeds to produce more food, Already a number of new strains of paddy and wheat have been developed in different parts of the world. 

Behold her, single in the field,

You solitray Highland Lass!

Reaping and singing by herself;

Stop here, or gently pass 

Alone she cuts and binds the grain, 

And sings a melancholy strain;

O listen! for the Vale profound

Is overflowing with the sound.

No Nightingale did ever chaunt

More welcome notes to weary bands

Of travellers in some shady haunt,

Among Arabian sands:

A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard

In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,

Breaking the silence of the seas

Among the fatherst Hebrides.

Will no one tell me what she sings?

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

For old, unhappy, far-off things,

And battles long ago:

Or is it some more humble lay,

Familiar matter of to-day?

Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,

That has been, and may be again?

Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang

As if her song could have no ending;

I saw her singing at her work,

And o'er the sickle bending; 

I listened, motionless and still;

And, as I mounted up the hill,

The music in my heart I bore,

Long after it was heard no more.

Get ready, ready, ready, ready, ready, wake, and start up. Look with careful eyes, listen with careful ears Listen carefully, brothers mine. [...] Nabab Sirajuddaulah has been defeated at Plassey The Gora [...] company rules the country now. The Gora playes four tricks to rule seating on my chest.

Debi Singh extracts taxes tying ropes around my throat, Tying the ropes around my throat he declares Pay the taxes with the bulls and cash money. Look at his tricks, brothers mine; If you want to sell rice you have to go to Mahajan, I grow rice; I grow jute with blood-like sweat, The Mahajan buys rice with the price of his sweet will. I pay the taxes with the rice money; what is left for.my child to eat? The tiller goes to the kutial (indigo planter] to borrow, Accepting a high interest rate, the tiller borrows rice, How do I pay back the borrowing? Again I borrow, Giving my cows and bull, giving my land, giving my land, giving everything

(Translated as Nuroldin by Khairul Haque Chowdhury)

Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is carried out through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf and the mute have had to take the help of this form of expression. Many of the symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used interationally: spelling, however, cannot be used in this wayBody language conveys ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Examples of other forms of language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingerprints), signal flags, Morse code and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people. While the use words is most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human throught and feelings.

While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is a time tremendous risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face presure to use themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional iunjurries, unintended ppregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems. Behavior patterns that are established during this period such as the use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents.

Adolescents are different both from young children and adults. Specifically, adolescents are not fully capable of understanfing complex concepts, or, the relationship between behavior and consequences, or the degree of control they have or can have over health decision-marking, including that related to sexul behaviors. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently when they are unnamed. In addition even when services do exist, provider attitudes about adolescents often pose a significant border to the use of those services,

Adolescents depend on their families, their communities schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they fsce and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Patent, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent development and adjustment and to intervene effective when problems arise.