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Compared to other industrialized states, the US lags far behind in meeting the needs of its youngest and most vulnerable citizens. the US has higher infant mortality rate, a higher proportion of babies immunized against childhood diseases, these findings were described as a 'quiet crisis' requiring immediate and far-reaching action action, A fourth of the nation's 12 million infants and toddlers live in poverty or confront other risk factors that could harm their ability to develop intellectually, physically and socially, Child immunisations are too low, more children ate born into poverty and more are in substandard car, While their parents work, more children are, being raised by single parents. Since 1950 the number of single parent families has nearly tripled. Most disturbingly, recent statistics show that American parents ate increasingly neglecting or abusing their children. In the last few years the number of children in foster care has increased by over 50% of most of which are babies under the age of three most severely, the report says, yet, it is this period-from infancy through preschool years-that sets the stage for a child's future.
Lower proportion of new born babies with normal weight
Higher incidence of adolescent girls becoming
Lower rate of babies surviving childhood diseases
Increasing cases of teenage couples getting
Renaissance is the name given to the civilization, which began in Italy in the 14th century. reached its height in the 15th, and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. The word means "Rebirth" and refers to the discovery of the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, which was one of the characteristic happenings of the Renaissance. But, in fact, that was only one of the things discovered at that time, for it was a great period of discovery of all kinds of new worlds, new scientific laws, new kinds of art and, above all, new strengths and possibilities of man himself. It would be better to define the word Renaissance as "new birth", and even that would not be quite correct since the Renaissance grew naturally out of the middle ages and was not a sudden occurrence. The Renaissance is the beginning of the modern world. The forms of literature and art which were invented then are still in use today, and the political, economic and religious ideas which govern our lives were first formulated then.
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discovery of new scientific laws
discovery of the ancient civilizations of Italy and Romania
Discovery of all kinds of new worlds
The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonist to the New World. his initial expedition. which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the4 Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his ship were lost in a storm in the following year, Gilberts half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named "Virginia". Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke Returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for anyone colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.
The regulation of Trading Companies
British-Spanish Rivalry in the New World
Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century
They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth
They were members of large trading acompanies.
They were immediately successful.
They were acting on their own.
They explored the entire coastal region.
Some did not survive.
They named the area 'Virgina'.
Most were not experienced sailors.
The stone age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted until 3000. Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern scientists found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic ages. During the first period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about | million years into the Paleolithic age people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear clothing, and & develop new tools. During the Mesolithic age (8000 to 26000 B.C.), people made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the fourteenth century A.D. The Neolithic age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) humankind domesticating sheeps, goats and pigs, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing permanent settlements and creating governments.
Anthropologist have pieced together the little they know about the history of left-handedness and right-handedness from indirect evidence. They did leave tools, bones, and pictures. Stone Age had axes and hatchets were made from stones that were carefully chipped away to form sharp cutting edges. In some, the pattern of chipping shows that these tools and weapons were made by right-handed people designed to fit comfortably into a right hand. Other Stone Age implements were made by or for left-handers, prehistoric pictures, painted on the walls of caves. provide further clues to the handedness of ancient people. A right-hander finds it easier to draw faces of people and animals facing toward the left, whereas a left-hander finds it easier to draw faces facing toward the right. Both kinds of faces have been found in ancient painting. On the whole, the evidence seems to indicate that pre4historic people were either ambidextrous or about equally likely to be left-or right-handed
But, in the Bronze Age, the picture changed. The tools and weapons found from that period are mostly made for right-handed use. The predominance of right-handedness among humans today had apparently already been established.
But, in the Bronze Age, the picture changed. The tools and weapons found from that period are mostly made for right-handed use. The predominance of right-handedness among humans today had apparently already been established.
Faces of animals and people
People's view from inside a cave
People's tendency to work either hand
The kinds of paint used on cave walls
The establishment of written records
A change in the styles of cave painting
An increase in human skill in the handling of tools
The prevalence of righthandedness
Peanuts was the most widely read comic strip
Schulz was a very famous cartoonist.
Schulz turned the pain of his youth into success
Peanuts featured children as its only characters
the protein in rise is higher quality than that in
rice has protein of higher quality than that in
the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
Rumour is the most primitive way of spreading stories-by passing them on from mouth to mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better sources of news than rumour. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and confusion, however, rumour emerges and becomes rife. At such times different kinds of news are in competition: the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine.
Especially do rumours spread when war requires censorship on many important matters? The customary news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people cannot learn through legitimate channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up 'news' wherever they can and when this happens rumour thrives.
Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims- the fears. suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. pessimistic rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious. Optimistic rumours about record production or peace soon coming paint to complacency or confidence- and often to overconfidence.
Especially do rumours spread when war requires censorship on many important matters? The customary news sources no longer give out enough information. Since the people cannot learn through legitimate channels all that they are anxious to learn, they pick up 'news' wherever they can and when this happens rumour thrives.
Rumours are often repeated even by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is that the cleverly designed rumour gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims- the fears. suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to voice directly. pessimistic rumours about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are worried and anxious. Optimistic rumours about record production or peace soon coming paint to complacency or confidence- and often to overconfidence.
excited enthusiasm
morbid curiosity
acute indignation
philosophical interest
The Sami are an indigenous people living in the northern parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia's Kola peninsula. Originally, the Sami religion was animistic: that is, for them, nature and objects had a conscious life spirit. Therefore, one was expected to move quietly in the wilderness and avoid making a Khan is said to have declared that the same were one people he would never try to fight again. Because the Sami were not warriors and did not believe in war, they simply disappeared in times of conflict. They were Known as 'peaceful retreaters."
Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of a signal is to interrupt upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A Stop sign or as barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conventionally. Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver's cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in 8 theater provides performers with an auditory symbols of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages. Although signals, signs. symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. As a result. means of communication intended to be used for long distanced and extended periods are based upon speech. Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few -
Dhaka city management (DCM) reform project was undertaken jointly by Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies and Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee in collaboration with Asian Development Bank. It was aimed at clearing awareness and support among st stakeholders for management reforms in the city government of Dhaka. The project utilized a participatory approach by involving the — city administration, service providers, policy makers, citizens, community organizers and the media. A series ০f workshops were hosted by the Dhaka City Corporation to develop a broad action plan. Additionally, a survey of consumers of City services was undertaken to determine access to services, satisfaction, levels and user charges. The final event included a three day workshop attended by, among st others, the mayors of Dhaka, Khulna, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Kolkata, The Participates presented a number of action plans
regarding services delivery that were truly Innovative.
Dhaka, with a population of about 15 million,generates a massive quantity of waste everyday from various sources. According to .urban Local Body. Ordinance of 1997, DCC. (currently DSCC and DNCC) is responsible for collection, transportation and treatment of solid wastes in Dhaka city. Because of resource constraints and many other seasons, DCC in generalhas not been able to provide satisfactory waste management system in Dhaka. In most of the arcas of Dhaka city, solid waste has become a Serious problem with health and hygiene consequences for city dwellers. In many areas, people have come forward to manage solid wastes by themselves. IC is worth of noting here that major source of solid) waste in Dhaka are Residences, streets, markets, commercial establishments and hospitals. At present Dhaka city generates 6.5007000 tones of waste per day.
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