Non-finite Verb (অসমাপিকা ক্রিয়া) : যে verb গুলো তাদের tense ও mood দ্বারা এবং তার subject-এর person ও number দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয় না কিন্তু finite verb-এর সাহায্য ছাড়া সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না তাদেরকে Non-finite Verb বলে।যেমন- He is going to play cricket. He saw the girl dancing. I enjoy watching TV.
Participle : Verb-এর যে form একই সাথে verb এবং adjective-এর কাজ করে তাকে Participle বলে । Participle তিন প্রকার। যথা :
1. Present Participle 2. Past Participle 3. Perfect Participle
Present Participle: Verb-এর present form-এর ing যুক্ত হয়ে যদি উহা একই সাথে verb এবং adjective-এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে Present Participle বলে। যেমন- He is working . He has been working.
Past Participle : Verb-এর past participle form যদি একই সাথে verb এবং adjective-এর কাজ সম্পন্ন করে তাকে past participle বলে। যেমন- He has worked hard. He will have passed.
an adverbial phrase
perfect participle phrase
Present participle phrase
past participle phrase
Perfect Participle: Having-এর পর verb-এর past participle যুক্ত হয়ে তা যদি একই সাথে verb এবং adjective-এর কাজ করে তাকে Perfect Participle বলে।
যেমন-
Having eaten rice, she went to bed.
Having passed MA, he got a good job.
Having finished his study, he went to eat.
Having forgotten me he has married again.
Infinitives: To + verb-এর base form অর্থাৎ verb- এর present from- এর পূর্বে- to বসিয়ে infinitive গঠন করা হয়। একে Full Infinitive বলা হয়। Full infinitive-এর to অনুক্ত বা উহ্য থাকলে একে Bare Infinitive বলা হয়। যেমন—
Full Infinitive: They want to play cricket. I told him to do the work.
Bare Infinitive-They can play cricket. I heard him say this.
Verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে তা যদি একইসাথে verb এবং noun-এর কাজ করে তবে তাকে gerund বলে ।
For example-
Reading is an excellent habit.
1. Sentence এর subject হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking is called the best exercise.
2.Sentence এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
It has stopped raining.
3.Preposition এর object হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
The customers grew tired of waiting.
Be is fond of riding bicycle.
There is no credit in earning money illegally.
4.Complement হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Seeing is believing.
His profession is teaching.
My favorite activity is riding bicycle.
5.Compound noun হিসেবে gerund বসে।
For example:
Walking stick has been lost.
Taking exercise is a good habit.
Making tea can be your earning source.
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